Por Fernando Pérez y David Manero | Instructores de Udemy
Con motivo del día del trabajo, no está de más recordar que las actuales y futuras generaciones deberán prepararse para competir por empleos que aún no existen pero que sabemos estarán fuertemente ligados al conocimiento de las llamadas STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics).
Sin embargo, la realidad va por otro lado; según el reporte del Banco Mundial “At a Crossroads: Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean”, 44.7% de las personas que se integran actualmente a la educación superior lo hacen en estudios relacionados con ciencias sociales, leyes y negocios, en contraste con un 5.5% en ciencia.
Para este pequeño porcentaje de estudiantes o para aquellos que quieren explorar otras opciones profesionales, existen dos disciplinas cuyas perspectivas de empleo y crecimiento son atractivas: ciencia de datos y desarrollo de inteligencia artificial. Para ellos, Udemy comparte una guía general de los conocimientos y habilidades que deben aprender.
Ciencia de datos: tu futuro “data driven”
Su objetivo es identificar, procesar y convertir grandes volúmenes de datos en información valiosa para la toma de decisiones en cualquier ámbito del quehacer humano. Para desarrollarla y aplicarla se necesita:
Matemáticas, resaltando el dominio de algebra lineal para trabajar matrices, vectores directores, factores, cálculo diferencial, derivadas, etc.
Estadística básica para conocer una media, mediana, desviación, máximo-mínimo, teoría de la probabilidad y teorema de valles, entre otros.
Arquitectura de big data mediante el uso de software como Hadoop, bases de datos relacionales y no relacionales, empleando programas como Cassandra y Mongodb, y MySQL, PostgreSQL, respectivamente.
Lenguajes de programación como R, Python, S, C, SAS.
Manejo de bases de datos como SQL y programación en HIVE.
Programas de visualización de datos con softwares como Kibana, Tableau, Clip View, o incluso Excel.
Una habilidad fundamental para ser científico de datos, y que es considerada “blanda”, es tener curiosidad para buscar relaciones entre datos que en apariencia no están conectados o tienen lógica entre sí.
Actualmente en nuestro país no existe una licenciatura en Ciencia de Datos, sin embargo, sí existen posgrados, diplomados y cursos para iniciarse en este ámbito. Y en términos de ingreso, según el Observatorio Laboral del gobierno federal, el sueldo promedio va de 40 mil hasta 90 mil pesos mensuales.
Para estudiarla resultará más fácil si cuentas con una ingeniería, o cursaste alguna carrera asociada a matemáticas, estadística o si te desarrollas en un área científica.
Inteligencia artificial, cada vez más importante
La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) permite realizar sistemas capaces de aprender y predecir hechos o acciones a partir de la lectura de datos de otros sistemas o directamente del entorno, procesándolos y guardándolos en forma de conocimiento que posteriormente se usa para tomar decisiones.
La IA está creciendo aceleradamente, para 2017, 61% de las iniciativas empresariales de Estados Unidos habían utilizado Inteligencia Artificial y 71% tenía una estrategia de innovación para acercarse a nuevas tecnologías como esta.
Para desarrollarla y aplicarla es necesario contar con las mismas bases de conocimiento que un científico de datos, además de:
Procesamiento de datos. Fundamentos para comprender el ABC en la manera en que se “traduce” información en acciones.
Tener un buen dominio del desarrollo de aplicaciones y lenguajes de programación como R, Python, C#, C++, entre otros. A diferencia del software tradicional, centrado en una serie de tareas específicas, el que se utiliza en IA se centra en el aprendizaje constante.
Aprendizaje artificial o machine learning basado en big data para crear sistemas de aprendizaje guiado, no guiado y con base en reforzamiento.
Las posibilidades de desarrollo de IA podemos agruparlas en:
Específica: enfocada en la lectura de información de un solo tipo y brinda soluciones sobre la base de un propósito puntual
General: busca copiar las múltiples formas de pensar y actuar de un ser humano y decide sobre sus patrones de aprendizaje y decisiones; aunque todavía no está del todo desarrollada al ser amplia y compleja, al mismo tiempo que requiere de soluciones tecnológicas más robustas, ya se está trabajando para hacerla una realidad.
Para entrar en el mundo de la IA es recomendable haber estudiado alguna ingeniería en software, o contar con un alto dominio de matemáticas, estadística y programación.
Mayor automatización se traduce en crecimiento financiero y promete mayor productividad. Las compañías altamente automatizadas son 6 veces más propensas a incrementar sus ingresos.
¿Música anti-estrés mientras te encuentras en la oficina para hacer más ameno el trabajo? Lo ideal es usar unos audífonos que aíslen muy bien el ruido y te permitan controlar el volumen a tu preferencia.
Con la actual tendencia tecnológica a la miniaturización, el diseño y construcción de los nanosatélites acelera su paso en México, gracias al talento y entusiasmo de nuevas generaciones.
Wang Shuqiu found it interesting and wanted to ask, but was afraid of disturbing Du Heng and did not dare to ask.Brother Fei, compound paracetamol tablets, also known as Gankang, are best not to be given to children and the elderly.
In the ward, Wu Buwei was taking care of the patient to drink medicine, while Li Nating stood beside him with a pout.Du Heng has been the dean for a week, and he has made some changes in himself.
Are they getting along well Du Hengjue s Wang Shuqiu is good as a girlfriend, but he also has some dissatisfaction with Wang Shuqiu.See Several people came in, with pleading looks on their faces.
Fifty thousand, that s half a million a year. With salary included, it s almost 600,000, and part of the task of 100,000 has been completed.For example, if the knuckles need to be kept alive, then the Eight Evils must be removed.
I want to ask you what you think first. Dean, tell me.It doesn t matter if you slander us Slander Dr. Du.
Infected , there is inflammation, this can be confirmed.Didn t he say that when he drank lactulose, he felt like going to the toilet, but it disappeared quickly.
Du Jiang hesitated and said nothing, but looked at Yan Ting.So when everyone drives on the road, drive slowly and steadily, and be responsible for yourself and your family.
Wang Shuqiu What are you doing busy or not Wang Shuqiu sent a message to herself, which was a bit unexpected.But these two clicks of the tongue aroused Pei Jihua s curiosity, Doctor Du, what do you mean Du Heng took the hand for diagnosing the pulse and said hesitantly, I seem to have seen a report, but where is it I forgot to read it.
With Wu Buwei s explanation, Du Heng understood the truth and chose to believe in Li Qingde.Du Heng spoke very slowly, and also said that Very seriously, This patient is a person with weak Qi.
It is still mainly white soil. But the mountains here, as far as the eye can see, are all bare red soil, and most of them are bare ground.Or else. I want one set, three sets are too expensive, almost 10,000.
Thinking about Li Qingde, reading documents in meetings every day, Du Heng felt a headache coming on.Unexpectedly, two pieces of cloth, no bigger than a palm, cost two thousand.
It s pretty much what I thought. I know what to do.There are many such things, and they are all around him.
No matter how fast you are, you can t go faster than a few minutes.Liang Limin s son, who was over eight years old, held a bowl to catch his urine while crying.
If it weren t for the wooden support of the roof beams of the house, you might not even be able to see the ups and downs.What he was most worried about had happened. Intracranial hemorrhage Brother Fei, check the blood pressure.
what The three of them were all in a state of confusion.I told you just now, I have to change it four or five times a day.
Yu Liao glanced at the shyness on her face, and guessed that she had just married not long ago, so she must be very affectionate with her husband.Qin Su will be rescued, but he will be seriously injured.
However, Yu Liao was still happy to let his disciple Tan Su show some other emotions, so she decided to let him raise the cat.But she knew that the real proud son of heaven was coming, and his apprentice would be the first person to ascend to the immortal world in the past thousand years.
The sound of the strings plucked in Qin Su s hand controlled the restlessness, making the group of corpses gradually change from manic to quiet.One day, she and her younger sister Qianqian expressed their determination to go down the mountain to take revenge.
but let s go together on this trip, I think your apprentice is also seriously injured, and it s not appropriate to use spiritual power recently.Anyway, in a month or so, it will be the season of pear blossoms, and he also got the recipe of this pastry, so he can make it for Master to try.
Yu Liao swept the windless and automatic white onyx, frowned slightly at Qin Su and continued If my guess is right, they are more like Calling souls.Yu Liao knew what he meant, and drank the tea in the cup before saying As a teacher, I just don t want him to go astray.
But our screams attracted no one.Yu Liao knew immediately after hearing the words that the man in red probably used a spiritual or magical cover.The following two words are more like the words he said to himself, and it seems that they can make him feel more at ease.
When he was docile, his eyes were beautiful and proud, but when he teased him with food, the white cat would stare, as if he was about to fight with himself in the next moment.name, he will not do them any harm.You who have investigated my master s background for no reason, why should your words be worthy of her trust Tan Su said and stepped forward a few steps to block his view of the master.
Su Yan er completely closed her eyes with a smile, and almost jumped around and smiled at Meng Xun who was behind her So I am willing to bet and admit defeat, and second senior brother also wants to bet.Master, you live in the middle room, and Yan er will clean up for you.
Su Jin er didn t care about his sobriety at the moment, she stretched out her foot and stepped on the middle aged man s head, bent slightly and said, Why, Miss Ben, who has a bit of magic skills, beat you up Middle aged The man seemed to be muttering something, which may not be clear to ordinary people, but everyone above Yu Liao could hear it clearly.
Su Yan er consciously filled the remaining three cups on the teacup, and handed the cups to Meng Xun beside her.Although cultivating immortals does not follow human etiquette, when two disciples recognize each other and have the intention of becoming a Taoist couple, they will join hands in front of each other s master to ask for blessings, and if they have parents or relatives, they should also let them know.
Thank you Wan er, listen to Wan er A few words relieved my years of intimidation.Every time he talked with a smile, but what he said was basically nonsense.
At that time, the woman raised her small face and said with some stubbornness in her eyes Although she didn t Go to a private school to teach first, but you also know the word confidant, if you don t dislike her, you can come and see her in the future.He just looked away and was about to look back and say something.
You can help this lady out of here.If you can t get up, go and call the two of you together, as soon as possible.He was overwhelmed by the excellence of his second son, Qin Feng.
It is estimated that they will go to the Hairpin Conference first, and tomorrow they just need to look along the way.He frowned and gave up thinking about it.He was left to follow the master slowly.
However, although you are powerful, don t play yourself off.Gu Jia glanced at the long sword in his hand, sneered and said, You are really easy to find, grandson of Qin s parents.
Meng Xun responded briefly, of course, and immediately raised his sword to meet him.At the time of reincarnation, Xu Xi threw himself into a trap for him as he thought.
After speaking, he frowned again and continued It s not enough, it s good that we meet again in Wugou Mountain A little surprise appeared on her face at what he said, and she thought for a while and said, I wouldn t have wanted you as an apprentice if we met earlier.Su Ma er lowered her head and thought for a while, then took out a small clean bottle from her sleeve, and poured out a few pill like rounds from the bottle, just like the brightly colored candies that children eat.
Sister Zhang is suffering from hemorrhagic collapse.Do you want money If you want money, just take it. I know very well the urinal nature of these people in our village.
You should be careful, don t get caught. Du Heng sighed helplessly, You re too late, our township has been affected, four village doctor clinics have been affected, and other private clinics have been affected.If the problem is discovered in time, we can solve it in time so as not to leave any sequelae.
All you need to do is lift the pot and uncover it, open and close the lungs, allow the urine volume to increase rapidly and be discharged, and the patient will recover naturally.During the afternoon training, Du Heng listened briefly and felt that Deng Jia was quite attentive and what he said was practical.
Nothing happened. After talking about the patient s condition, we talked about the issue of cost.After entering the door, a woman running at the front shouted, Where is the mother Wow A loud baby cried.
At the same time, notify Dr. Yu Haiting that a mass food borne poisoning occurred in Zhonghu Middle School, suspected to be caused by eating spoiled meat.After speaking, he became angry. Then he left, while Wang Juguo looked depressed.
He was playing with the students just after class and was hit on the nose by a basketball.On the lower back, Xiao Sun and Xiao Sun were holding down the eldest brother s legs.
Then what did Lao Li say Teacher Li means that I should still be his teaching assistant and get my qualifications first.We cannot impose our ideas on others. Sister Wen, think about it for yourself.
Sister in law, you want to show it to my sister in law Yuemei and her natal brother That s what I mean.Du Heng curled his lips and lowered his head to eat his food.
This was the task given by Deputy Director Zheng.
And as the big brother roared, other people in line also started shouting.Therefore, he wanted to take advantage of the current opportunity, while his mind was spinning rapidly, to solve these problems.
As for what he just said about being prudent, go to hell.When An Chunhui first heard the news, his heart beat unsatisfactorily, but when he heard Du Heng s response and the whole story, he breathed a sigh of relief.
These are not at the same level. Li Jianwei didn t know what Du Heng was thinking, so he said to himself, There are eight nurses and thirty two beds.He had been in Zhonghu for two months. When the health center had the idea of upgrading, he had paid attention to the courtyard next door.
With his eyes closed, he recalled the prescription he had prescribed and the dosage on the prescription.Looking up in confusion, this girl was really crying while looking at the phone.
Could it be that there is something really wrong with my brain No, it should be that he was carried away by love.Why are you disobedient My brother Xiao Fang has nothing to do with you, and Xiao Fang doesn t need to worry about you.
If I can get you to catch my wedding, something weird is going on.He looks like a mentally ill homeless man. The victim and the police gave up after watching the surveillance.
He had no one to blame but his own fate, who caused the patient who was undergoing treatment to die.He rubbed his hands and said, Wang Shiyuan s family doesn t have much to eat.
Liang Lihai urged Du Heng to wake up again. Without saying any polite words, he turned around and went into the house, picked up his bag, and ran to his house with Liang Lihai.Du Heng didn t want to talk about this topic anymore, so he helped the old man and walked out, Jiuye, I ll accompany you to the front to pay for the medicine.
Half past six That s right, it s only March now, and it gets dark relatively early.You invited me to dinner again today. Do you like my girl and want me to introduce you to her Du Heng was attracted by the convenience of Wang Zhenzhen s registration.
Wang Zhenzhen looked at Zhang Jinlian angrily. She didn t expect that this woman could be so hateful.I fainted again in the twelfth lunar month, and then I It s like this now, and the left half can t move at all.
The aunt was not happy, this girl looked very beautiful, why are you talking nonsense.Du Heng added some water to their glasses, Where did you hear that they were quarrelsome From some girls in the class.
Du Heng didn t mind showing off, just to save face, and continued to pay for the meal.And Du Heng can continue to check. The lower limbs were examined and felt warm to touch.
Wu Buwei secretly glanced at Du Heng s face and said, Brother, why did you acupuncture the perineum just now instead of the Baihui point The patient s heat dampness qi is entangled in the chest, so that the yin qi cannot rise up, the yang qi cannot descend, and the yin and yang qi cannot communicate and circulate.
After chatting for a few words, he pulled the patient over and introduced him to the leaders.After the college entrance examination, Du Heng went to Jinzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Du Jiang went to Jinzhou Normal University.
If you can t eat well, I ll have to go to you to pay for it.If this were an ordinary person, where would he find tiger bones Nowadays, the only way to find tiger bones is to go to the zoo and dig up the carcass secretly.
Du Heng quickly held Zuo Liangliang s hand and said politely, Uncle Zuo, please don t mess with us.9 grams of Dabai, 3 grams of cinnabar, 7 grams of croton cream, remove the oil and grind them into powder.
After hanging up the phone, Du Heng squinted his eyes and sat quietly.And Wang Shuqiu has nothing to do with her workplace, body, appearance, or age.
But what does this new person mean Are the new people you re talking about the three who came back from the township government That s not necessary, the shortest time they ve been here is one year.But now Xiaofang actually still has epilepsy, so it is completely inapplicable.
Well, I ll wait for your news, sister, let s go first.However, medicines such as Cephalosporin and Huoxiang Zhengqi Water are commonly used at home.
As for cooperating with the township government s medical insurance promotion, Du Heng left it to Wang Lili and asked her to arrange people.Is it too late Du Heng was no longer reserved. Others are giving me face, but I am a bit too pretentious in being reserved.
After the children went to school, Zuo Liangliang s wife made breakfast for the three of them and went directly to the village committee after dinner.Got it. This is skipping his own part and going directly to the bureau to report.
They did not say any words of wisdom and just followed them into the ward.As expected, the doctor now is no better than before.
Doctor Du said that if these parts are inactive for a long time, they will not exercise , muscles and tendons are particularly prone to atrophy and degeneration.There are also some people whom Du Heng not only knows but is also very familiar with.
Xu Pinglin asked out of curiosity and found out that it was Du Heng who asked the patient to come.Isn t this a curse on him Du Heng chuckled, He does have a tumor in his lungs.
Wei Kaida looked at the tough talking Du Heng with a very helpless expression, Stop talking nonsense, he s doing well.
Although Grandma Liang was in pain, her mind was not confused.Although he works in administration, he still understands the basics after working in the health center for more than 20 years.
Did you have a checkup later .
Did it, colonoscopy. When Liang Fuman said this, his hands were clenched.Uncle Zuo, can the Chinese medicine here still be used It can be used.
But Lu Zhongjiang was beaten by Lu Zhongjiang. A firm no.Seeing the situation at the scene, Du Heng s heart pounded.
which caused errors in his judgment and errors in the inspection of the equipment, which almost delayed the patient s treatment.Especially after seeing the appearance of the leaders today, I will have some thoughts in my heart.
Instead, I asked everyone to sit down and asked the nanny to make a cup of tea for everyone.How many times did you drink How much did you drink I just drank it twice, two tablets each time.
As for the unusual promotion to deputy director, he doesn t have high hopes.The two of them went out together. When no one was around, Wang Zhenzhen reminded Du Heng, Xiao Heng, be careful of Zhang Jinlian.
Homework. And you have to find time to settle the student s lawsuit, and there s not enough time.