Por Fernando Pérez y David Manero | Instructores de Udemy
Con motivo del día del trabajo, no está de más recordar que las actuales y futuras generaciones deberán prepararse para competir por empleos que aún no existen pero que sabemos estarán fuertemente ligados al conocimiento de las llamadas STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics).
Sin embargo, la realidad va por otro lado; según el reporte del Banco Mundial “At a Crossroads: Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean”, 44.7% de las personas que se integran actualmente a la educación superior lo hacen en estudios relacionados con ciencias sociales, leyes y negocios, en contraste con un 5.5% en ciencia.
Para este pequeño porcentaje de estudiantes o para aquellos que quieren explorar otras opciones profesionales, existen dos disciplinas cuyas perspectivas de empleo y crecimiento son atractivas: ciencia de datos y desarrollo de inteligencia artificial. Para ellos, Udemy comparte una guía general de los conocimientos y habilidades que deben aprender.
Ciencia de datos: tu futuro “data driven”
Su objetivo es identificar, procesar y convertir grandes volúmenes de datos en información valiosa para la toma de decisiones en cualquier ámbito del quehacer humano. Para desarrollarla y aplicarla se necesita:
Matemáticas, resaltando el dominio de algebra lineal para trabajar matrices, vectores directores, factores, cálculo diferencial, derivadas, etc.
Estadística básica para conocer una media, mediana, desviación, máximo-mínimo, teoría de la probabilidad y teorema de valles, entre otros.
Arquitectura de big data mediante el uso de software como Hadoop, bases de datos relacionales y no relacionales, empleando programas como Cassandra y Mongodb, y MySQL, PostgreSQL, respectivamente.
Lenguajes de programación como R, Python, S, C, SAS.
Manejo de bases de datos como SQL y programación en HIVE.
Programas de visualización de datos con softwares como Kibana, Tableau, Clip View, o incluso Excel.
Una habilidad fundamental para ser científico de datos, y que es considerada “blanda”, es tener curiosidad para buscar relaciones entre datos que en apariencia no están conectados o tienen lógica entre sí.
Actualmente en nuestro país no existe una licenciatura en Ciencia de Datos, sin embargo, sí existen posgrados, diplomados y cursos para iniciarse en este ámbito. Y en términos de ingreso, según el Observatorio Laboral del gobierno federal, el sueldo promedio va de 40 mil hasta 90 mil pesos mensuales.
Para estudiarla resultará más fácil si cuentas con una ingeniería, o cursaste alguna carrera asociada a matemáticas, estadística o si te desarrollas en un área científica.
Inteligencia artificial, cada vez más importante
La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) permite realizar sistemas capaces de aprender y predecir hechos o acciones a partir de la lectura de datos de otros sistemas o directamente del entorno, procesándolos y guardándolos en forma de conocimiento que posteriormente se usa para tomar decisiones.
La IA está creciendo aceleradamente, para 2017, 61% de las iniciativas empresariales de Estados Unidos habían utilizado Inteligencia Artificial y 71% tenía una estrategia de innovación para acercarse a nuevas tecnologías como esta.
Para desarrollarla y aplicarla es necesario contar con las mismas bases de conocimiento que un científico de datos, además de:
Procesamiento de datos. Fundamentos para comprender el ABC en la manera en que se “traduce” información en acciones.
Tener un buen dominio del desarrollo de aplicaciones y lenguajes de programación como R, Python, C#, C++, entre otros. A diferencia del software tradicional, centrado en una serie de tareas específicas, el que se utiliza en IA se centra en el aprendizaje constante.
Aprendizaje artificial o machine learning basado en big data para crear sistemas de aprendizaje guiado, no guiado y con base en reforzamiento.
Las posibilidades de desarrollo de IA podemos agruparlas en:
Específica: enfocada en la lectura de información de un solo tipo y brinda soluciones sobre la base de un propósito puntual
General: busca copiar las múltiples formas de pensar y actuar de un ser humano y decide sobre sus patrones de aprendizaje y decisiones; aunque todavía no está del todo desarrollada al ser amplia y compleja, al mismo tiempo que requiere de soluciones tecnológicas más robustas, ya se está trabajando para hacerla una realidad.
Para entrar en el mundo de la IA es recomendable haber estudiado alguna ingeniería en software, o contar con un alto dominio de matemáticas, estadística y programación.
El ámbito cloud, en la actualidad, es el hogar de las soluciones más poderosas; muchas de ellas indispensables para poner en marcha una transformación digital.
Desde nuestra perspectiva como compañía, el 2017 solo fue una muestra de los éxitos que nos esperan el siguiente año, ya que seguramente seguiremos presenciando la consolidación del e-commerce
Para facilitar el transporte y control de mercancía, en punto de venta y almacén, es necesario que las empresas piensen en implementar sistemas de control dentro de sus procesos de trabajo y operación.
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He smiled and said, Actually, the reason is still with you.The energy in their palms is intertwined with each other, and finally condenses into a bundle and returns to the original body.
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Elder Wei glanced at John Goodman Loses 200 Pounds: Inside His Stunning Transformation the results that had been tallied, then looked at Elder Manlin and said, Barbarian, we made a bet back then.This may of course arouse the ideas of the sect s senior leaders, but who can guarantee that the sect s senior leaders will definitely turn towards themselves It was too late for them to cover up a scandal like this that affected the reputation of the sect.
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Usually, those purple backed alcoholic bees take the lead in the battle.although they regard Yu Mengmiao as a relative, the two of them did not get along for a long time, only a few months.
Three years ago, Tian Shengcai finally broke through How Long Do Diet Pills Take to Work to the fourth level of Qi Refining, but he was already over fifty years old.Qingxin Sanren spent half a month to check out the entire Tao family and all the monks they could come into contact with.
allowing him to retain his strength to the greatest extent.All the insiders were also dealt with. The blood demon technique and other evil techniques were also destroyed.
After all, the gap in realm is too big. Chilong on the side sighed softly, Ye Fei s His performance has exceeded his expectations, and now Ye Fei has surpassed him.His mind was swaying, but his tone was extremely arrogant, unlike a Buddhist.
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Hancheng Shou, thank you Ye Fei nodded and expressed his gratitude, and Han Tao took the people away.The most important thing to avoid when refining elixirs is to use clones.
A disciple said when he was bored. Survival of the fittest, selecting the best, and entrusting important responsibilities.speed. Everything was prepared, targeting Ye Fei In an instant, Ye Fei thought of a lot and understood.
The law enforcement elder, his eyes flickered as he opened and closed his eyes, and snorted coldly.All Ye Fei s escape routes were eliminated. At the late Earth level, your combat power is comparable to that of the early Heaven level, which is rare Ye Fei disappeared, leaving only an afterimage in the place, and appeared in another place the next moment.
If he is too strong, he won t be able to handle them, and he might get involved in them.The bones were thick and white, and some seemed to be They were bitten to death by some ferocious beast not long ago.
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For a moment, there was a commotion in the audience.His chest felt sweet and he spurted out a mouthful of blood.
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After all, there are too many things to repay kindness with hatred.On the surface, he is in the fourth realm of Shen Zang.
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Boom Suddenly, powerful energy fluctuations came from outside.shouted directly. Hmph, the feud has been made. If I let you go, I will cause trouble for the family.
He does not dare to be careless. He must fight steadily.
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They are all the best of the best. If you can successfully trigger chaos in the kingdom, then you will be the number one hero.A legend is no different from an ant in front of her.
This wavelength formula is 100 correct in calculating the wavelength and frequency of light and electricity.The wheels rolled over the earth and rocks, raising bursts of dust flying in the sky.
I have noticed that the magic of this world is dissipating and the quality is losing
The cold words of the Lord of the Dead echoed in the empty void.Some kind of insulator Obviously, the opponent used some kind of insulating element to greatly weaken the power of thunder magic, and then blocked the remaining small part.