Por Fernando Pérez y David Manero | Instructores de Udemy
Con motivo del día del trabajo, no está de más recordar que las actuales y futuras generaciones deberán prepararse para competir por empleos que aún no existen pero que sabemos estarán fuertemente ligados al conocimiento de las llamadas STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics).
Sin embargo, la realidad va por otro lado; según el reporte del Banco Mundial “At a Crossroads: Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean”, 44.7% de las personas que se integran actualmente a la educación superior lo hacen en estudios relacionados con ciencias sociales, leyes y negocios, en contraste con un 5.5% en ciencia.
Para este pequeño porcentaje de estudiantes o para aquellos que quieren explorar otras opciones profesionales, existen dos disciplinas cuyas perspectivas de empleo y crecimiento son atractivas: ciencia de datos y desarrollo de inteligencia artificial. Para ellos, Udemy comparte una guía general de los conocimientos y habilidades que deben aprender.
Ciencia de datos: tu futuro “data driven”
Su objetivo es identificar, procesar y convertir grandes volúmenes de datos en información valiosa para la toma de decisiones en cualquier ámbito del quehacer humano. Para desarrollarla y aplicarla se necesita:
Matemáticas, resaltando el dominio de algebra lineal para trabajar matrices, vectores directores, factores, cálculo diferencial, derivadas, etc.
Estadística básica para conocer una media, mediana, desviación, máximo-mínimo, teoría de la probabilidad y teorema de valles, entre otros.
Arquitectura de big data mediante el uso de software como Hadoop, bases de datos relacionales y no relacionales, empleando programas como Cassandra y Mongodb, y MySQL, PostgreSQL, respectivamente.
Lenguajes de programación como R, Python, S, C, SAS.
Manejo de bases de datos como SQL y programación en HIVE.
Programas de visualización de datos con softwares como Kibana, Tableau, Clip View, o incluso Excel.
Una habilidad fundamental para ser científico de datos, y que es considerada “blanda”, es tener curiosidad para buscar relaciones entre datos que en apariencia no están conectados o tienen lógica entre sí.
Actualmente en nuestro país no existe una licenciatura en Ciencia de Datos, sin embargo, sí existen posgrados, diplomados y cursos para iniciarse en este ámbito. Y en términos de ingreso, según el Observatorio Laboral del gobierno federal, el sueldo promedio va de 40 mil hasta 90 mil pesos mensuales.
Para estudiarla resultará más fácil si cuentas con una ingeniería, o cursaste alguna carrera asociada a matemáticas, estadística o si te desarrollas en un área científica.
Inteligencia artificial, cada vez más importante
La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) permite realizar sistemas capaces de aprender y predecir hechos o acciones a partir de la lectura de datos de otros sistemas o directamente del entorno, procesándolos y guardándolos en forma de conocimiento que posteriormente se usa para tomar decisiones.
La IA está creciendo aceleradamente, para 2017, 61% de las iniciativas empresariales de Estados Unidos habían utilizado Inteligencia Artificial y 71% tenía una estrategia de innovación para acercarse a nuevas tecnologías como esta.
Para desarrollarla y aplicarla es necesario contar con las mismas bases de conocimiento que un científico de datos, además de:
Procesamiento de datos. Fundamentos para comprender el ABC en la manera en que se “traduce” información en acciones.
Tener un buen dominio del desarrollo de aplicaciones y lenguajes de programación como R, Python, C#, C++, entre otros. A diferencia del software tradicional, centrado en una serie de tareas específicas, el que se utiliza en IA se centra en el aprendizaje constante.
Aprendizaje artificial o machine learning basado en big data para crear sistemas de aprendizaje guiado, no guiado y con base en reforzamiento.
Las posibilidades de desarrollo de IA podemos agruparlas en:
Específica: enfocada en la lectura de información de un solo tipo y brinda soluciones sobre la base de un propósito puntual
General: busca copiar las múltiples formas de pensar y actuar de un ser humano y decide sobre sus patrones de aprendizaje y decisiones; aunque todavía no está del todo desarrollada al ser amplia y compleja, al mismo tiempo que requiere de soluciones tecnológicas más robustas, ya se está trabajando para hacerla una realidad.
Para entrar en el mundo de la IA es recomendable haber estudiado alguna ingeniería en software, o contar con un alto dominio de matemáticas, estadística y programación.
Los profesionales astutos de la cadena de suministro saben que construir y mantener una red de fanáticos y animadores, en toda la organización, pero especialmente
La alianza entre DHL y la Asociación Mexicana para Ventas Online (AMVO) ofrece soluciones de logística a las empresas que participan en comercio online: Garantiza la entrega de los productos en tiempo y forma y desarrolla estrategias para que las empresas participantes maximicen su potencial de venta.
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¿Sabías que las soluciones de selección por voz han evolucionado para trabajar en conjunto con robots móviles autónomos (AMR) en los almacenes? Además de mejorar la precisión en la preparación de pedidos, estas tecnologías mantienen a los trabajadores con las manos libres, permitiéndoles enfocarse en tareas críticas.
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On the outskirts of the city, there is a house that looks like an ancient mansion with three entrances and three exits.Huh Zhang Zheng looked at him doubtfully. He didn t expect that his mutterings could be heard, so he immediately explained with some embarrassment and panic Isn t it true that Li Youquan was killed by lightning What Happens If a Dog Ate CBD Gummies: A Comprehensive Guide for Pet Owners (QQoAv)
Now that Lin Beichen has also gone to study lightning, I suddenly put the two of them Just think about it.
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The security bureau had said hello, so naturally there was no problem with the school.Chuanwu
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It can be said that he is the first person in the history of the college entrance examination, classmate Lin Beichen.Lin Beichen has nothing to do with the general direction of the investigation of this case.
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say it s going to break out That s too outrageous I was worried about this when I came to Shenzhao University, but think about it Nothing has happened to Shenzhao University for so many years, so I feel relieved, but I didn t expect that I would actually meet him Hey, hey, what s wrong with you, why are you pushing me Be careful, Can you be careful
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His heart was full of annoyance and regret, and he blamed himself Team leader, I m sorry, it s my problem.Lin Beichen looked around boredly, but as far as he could see, there was no one.
A lot of information has been filled in the inquiry record, such as Lin Beichen s name, age and school, as well as the recorder, the veteran police officer s information.Lin Beichen didn t say anything more about this matter, and he couldn t say anything.
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He glanced at Jiang Yuebai with strange eyes. and the phaseless mask in her hand.Qi Yue saw Guo Zhen and Shi Xiaowu off, and Jiang Yuebai prepared to go to the Internal Affairs Hall.
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During the foundation building period of the Vajra Platform, there were ten great warrior monks, including Baiyang Sect, Linghe Sect, Liuyun Sect, and many other famous and talented people.Xu Qianjin and Xu Qiancheng s expressions were solemn, and the light and heavy swords overlapped, creating red flames that overlapped and intertwined, just like the surging tide.
But Xiaobai, what s the matter with you Elder Li is famous for being strict, but you can actually get his praise, saying, are you secretly studying behind my back Jiang Yuebai withdrew his gaze, My five spiritual roots, Your qualifications are useless and you can t even recognize a few words, so it s not like you are from a family of cultivators.
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Xie Jingshan was equally miserable, collapsed on the ground unable to move.They watched a group of pheasants cooing in the spiritual field, driving away countless earthworms evenly distributed on the ground.
Who are they Two Yu Clan strangers blocked the road, waving their wings and hanging in the air, their soldiers facing Jiang Yuebai.One is the Prajna Sutra written by my master, and the other is the Buddhist body building technique Nine Turns of the Golden Body Art.
The Wu clan members felt proud and nodded immediately.Jiang Yuebai nodded with a smile and hurried home. After washing up, I took advantage of the dawn of the Golden Crow to meditate.
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Por Fernando Pérez y David Manero | Instructores de Udemy