Airbus, Rolls-Royce y Siemens han formado una alianza para desarrollar, a corto plazo, un demostrador de vuelo que será un paso importante en la propulsión híbrida eléctrica para los aviones comerciales. Las tres compañías anunciaron esta colaboración sin precedentes, que reúne los mejores expertos mundiales en tecnologías eléctricas y de propulsión en la Royal Aeronautical Society de Londres.
Se prevé que el demostrador de tecnología híbrida-eléctrica E-Fan X volará en 2020 tras una campaña de amplias pruebas en tierra, provisionalmente en una plataforma de pruebas volante BAe 146, con uno de los cuatro motores de turbina de gas de la aeronave sustituido por un motor eléctrico de dos megavatios. Se establecerán disposiciones para sustituir una segunda turbina de gas por un motor eléctrico una vez probada la madurez del sistema.
“El E-Fan X es un paso importante hacia nuestro objetivo de hacer realidad el vuelo eléctrico en un futuro próximo. Las lecciones que aprendimos de una larga historia de demostradores de vuelo eléctricos, empezando por el Cri-Cri, incluso el e-Genius, E-Star y culminando recientemente con el E-Fan 1.2, así como el fruto de la colaboración E-Aircraft Systems House con Siemens, abrirán el camino hacia un avión comercial de pasillo único híbrido que es seguro, eficiente y rentable”, comentó Paul Eremenko. “Consideramos la propulsión híbrida eléctrica como una tecnología convincente para el futuro de la aviación”.
El demostrador E-Fan X explorará los desafíos de los sistemas de propulsión de alto rendimiento, como efectos térmicos, gestión del empuje eléctrico, efectos dinámicos y de la altitud sobre los sistemas eléctricos y problemas de compatibilidad electromagnética. El objetivo es empujar y dejar madurar la tecnología, el rendimiento, la seguridad y fiabilidad para progresar rápidamente sobre la tecnología híbrida eléctrica. La finalidad del programa también es establecer los requisitos para una futura certificación del avión eléctrico formando a una nueva generación de diseñadores e ingenieros para acercar el avión comercial híbrido eléctrico un poco más a la realidad.
Como parte del programa E-Fan X, Airbus, Rolls-Royce y Siemens contribuirán cada uno con su amplia experiencia y sus conocimientos en su respectivo ámbito de competencia:
– Airbus se encargará de la integración global así como de la arquitectura de control del sistema de propulsión híbrido eléctrico y las baterías, y su integración con los mandos de control de vuelo.
– Rolls-Royce se encargará del motor turbo-shaft, del generador de dos megavatios y de la electrónica de potencia. Junto con Airbus, Rolls-Royce también trabajará en la adaptación del ventilador a la góndola existente y al motor eléctrico de Siemens.
– Siemens entregará los motores eléctricos de dos megavatios y su unidad de control de la electrónica de potencia, así como el inversor, convertidor DC/DC y sistema de distribución de la alimentación eléctrica. Todo ello viene a añadirse a la colaboración E-Aircraft Systems House entre Airbus y Siemens, lanzada en 2016 y cuyo objetivo es desarrollar y dejar madurar varios componentes de sistemas de propulsión eléctrica y su demostración terrestre con diferentes gamas de potencia.
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Paul Stein, Chief Technology Officer para Rolls-Royce, dijo: “El E-Fan X nos permite aprovechar nuestros amplios conocimientos eléctricos para revolucionar el vuelo y entrar en la tercera generación de la aviación. Son momentos muy emocionantes para nosotros puesto que estos avances tecnológicos harán que Rolls-Royce cree el generador de vuelo más potente del mundo”.
“Siemens ha impulsado la innovación en ámbitos tecnológicos esenciales a toda velocidad”, añadió Roland Busch, Chief Technology Officer para Siemens. “En abril de 2016, abrimos un nuevo capítulo en la movilidad eléctrica con la colaboración de Airbus. Desarrollando la propulsión eléctrica de los aviones, estamos creando nuevas perspectivas para nuestra empresa y también para nuestros clientes y nuestra sociedad. Con la colaboración E-Fan X, damos ahora el siguiente paso para demostrar la tecnología en el aire”.
Uno de los desafíos del sector de la aviación actual será avanzar hacia un medio de transporte con mejores prestaciones medioambientales, más eficiente y que dependa menos de los combustibles fósiles. Los socios se han comprometido a alcanzar los objetivos medioambientales técnicos europeos del informe de la Comisión Europea «Flightpath 2050 – Vision for Aviation» (reducir las emisiones de CO2en un 75%, reducir los NOx en un 90% y reducir el ruido en un 65%). Estos objetivos no pueden alcanzarse con las tecnologías que existen en la actualidad. Por consiguiente, Airbus, Rolls-Royce y Siemens están invirtiendo y orientando los trabajos de investigación hacia diversas áreas tecnológicas, incluso la electrificación. La propulsión eléctrica y la propulsión híbrida eléctrica se consideran entre las tecnologías más prometedoras para afrontar estos retos.
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Airbus, Rolls-Royce y Siemens han formado una alianza para desarrollar, a corto plazo, un demostrador de vuelo que será un paso importante en la propulsión híbrida eléctrica para los aviones comerciales. Las tres compañías anunciaron esta colaboración sin precedentes, que reúne los mejores expertos mundiales en tecnologías eléctricas y de propulsión en la Royal Aeronautical Society de Londres.