Justo después del amanecer del 22 de mayo, Facebook alcanzó otro hito emocionante e importante en el proyecto Aquila –completamos exitosamente nuestro segundo vuelo a escala real de la aeronave–. Esta voló por 1 hora y 46 minutos y aterrizó a la perfección en nuestro sitio designado.
Para poder lanzar la aeronave antes del amanecer, que ese día fue a las 5.15 a. m., estábamos en la entrada del Campo de Pruebas Yuma (YPG) en Arizona desde las 12.30 a. m. Mientras que unos miembros de nuestro equipo empezaban a abrir el hangar y levantaban la aeronave hasta su base de despegue, el resto de nosotros preparábamos las estaciones de control en tierra e ingeniería. Prácticamente todos revisamos las predicciones sobre vientos, constantemente.
El segundo vuelo de Aquila tuvo en cuenta todas las lecciones aprendidas durante nuestro primer vuelo. Antes de este, incorporamos una serie de cambios a Aquila que incluyeron:
La adición de spoilers a las alas, que incrementan resistencia y la propulsión en el acercamiento al aterrizaje.
Incorporamos cientos de sensores para recolectar más datos
Modificamos el software de piloto automático
Integramos nuevos radios al subsistema de comunicaciones
Cubrimos la aeronave con un acabado más liso
Instalamos un mecanismo de detención del propulsor horizontal para poder tener un aterrizaje exitoso.
A las 5-27 a. m., cuando el sol estaba apenas encima del horizonte comprobamos que la aeronave pasara todas nuestras verificaciones anteriores al vuelo: los vínculos de radio (redundantes tanto para la carga como descarga y con ancho de banda extra) eran funcionales, las superficies de control y los spoilers estaban libres y eran correctos y los cuatro motores respondían adecuadamente a los comandos.
Tras completar nuestra lista de verificación anterior al vuelo, nuestra corta espera fue premiada con poco viento medido y poco viento en las predicciones del clima. Un breve sondeo de nuestros pilotos e ingenieros nos dio luz verde para el lanzamiento. La velocidad de despegue estuvo calculada en 43.45 km/h, lo que notificamos a nuestro remolque. El equipo observó de cerca todas las pantallas, esperando la seña que confirmara que el piloto automático hubiera tomado el control y que la aeronave ya estaba subiendo, lejos de su base de despegue.
El lanzamiento fue normal. También se hizo evidente prontamente que todos los sistemas funcionaban normalmente: la corriente del motor, el seguimiento a la velocidad del aire, los indicadores de dirección, vínculos de radio y GPS diferenciales mostraban todos comportamientos normales. La única sorpresa que tuvimos fue del tipo alegre: la tasa de ascenso –54.86 mt/s– fue casi el doble de la de nuestro primer vuelo, lo que atribuimos a los múltiples ajustes de Aquila –puntualmente el acabado más liso– que implementamos desde el primer vuelo.
Así, continuamos nuestro ascenso hasta los 914 metros, esperando todas las señas que mostraban el buen estado de la aeronave antes de que esta excediera nuestro rango de vuelo planeado. Con todas las telemetrías “en negro”, continuamos subiendo. Por diseño, Aquila se toma su tiempo: asciende lentamente, desciende incluso más lento y cuando vuela con el viento no lo hace a más de 16-22 km/h respectivo al suelo. Hemos diseñado Aquila de esta forma porque su fin es quedarse en la misma zona por largos periodos de tiempo proveyendo acceso a internet. Aquila se alimenta de energía solar y es extremadamente eficiente –funciona con la electricidad equivalente de tres secadores de pelo–.
El segundo vuelo se trataba solo acerca de datos. Volamos para surtir largas pruebas a una velocidad, inclinación y altitud constantes para medir la resistencia de la aeronave. Los datos de estos “trim shots”, como los llamamos, serán usados para refinar nuestros modelos aeronáuticos, lo que nos ayuda a predecir mejor el consumo energético y, así, optimizar el uso de nuestras baterías y la ubicación de los paneles solares. También instrumentamos extensamente la estructura del avión, agregando cientos de sensores a este para entender cómo la forma de Aquila responde al vuelo en tiempo real. Estos incluyendo cientos de medidores de esfuerzo y tres ejes de medición de inercia (IMU). Estas herramientas nos sirven para verificar y refinar nuestro modelo estructural, lo que predice la firma estática de la aeronave –además, diseñada para ser muy flexible y responder tanto a los vientos como a las maniobras–.
Durante todo el vuelo, continuamos monitoreando la resistencia creada por los nuevos spoilers de Aquila en diferentes ángulos. Estos spoilers son estructuras móviles en el ala de una nave que le permiten incrementar la resistencia para reducir la velocidad y la propulsión. También probamos la fuerza de señal de los dos vínculos radio desde varios puntos angulares.
Después de probar el algoritmo de aterrizaje con una versión elevada, hemos puesto la nave a hacerlo de forma completa, y exitosa, en el lugar designado.
Aquila no tiene un mecanismo de aterrizaje en el sentido tradicional. En cambio, aterriza sobre bases de Kevlar unidas a la parte baja de las cápsulas del motor. Nuestro razonamiento para esto se debe a dos razones: primero, aterrizamos a una velocidad respecto al suelo y nos acercamos al suelo de forma muy lenta, para que podamos disminuir el peso y la resistencia en las riostras y ruedas; y, segundo, porque mucho del peso de la aeronave está concentrado en las cápsulas del motor, pues es acá que están instaladas las baterías. Una vez las baterías han tocado suelo, detener el descenso del resto de la aeronave no representa un gran esfuerzo para la estructura.
Para la base de aterrizaje creamos un círculo de 152 metros de gravilla de unos 15 centímetros de profundidad con la consistencia de arena gruesa. El vuelo de Aquila es autónomo salvo por intervenciones manuales, como las necesarias para alinearse con el viento. Por lo tanto, justo antes del aterrizaje, el equipo de vuelo carga un plan de aterrizaje basado en la dirección del viento para que la aeronave aterrice con el viento y respetando el límite de vientos cruzados.
Al aterrizar Aquila sigue un camino de descenso con inclinación de 3 grados que empieza en el aire y termina en el piso. Una característica de este tipo de aeronaves es la baja resistencia –es la única forma posible de volar con la energía limitada que provee la luz solar–. Pero mientras la resistencia es el archienemigo del vuelo, ella es la primera aliada del aterrizaje. Los spoilers que agregamos a la aeronave son controlados por el piloto automático. Cuando este siente que la nave excede la inclinación, cierra los spoilers. Cuando siente que está pode debajo, los abre más. Mientras tanto, como durante todo el vuelo, el piloto automático sube y baja su punta usando elevons, que ayudan a incrementar o reducir la velocidad de vuelo.
A unos segundos del aterrizaje, el piloto automático detiene los motores del avión y los bloquea automáticamente. Se bloquean así para evitar dañarlos durante el aterrizaje. Todos los motores están detenidos, pero solo uno de los propulsores está horizontal. La aeronave hizo contacto gentilmente en la superficie de aterrizaje y se detuvo en unos 10 metros. Fue absolutamente perfecto. Igual que cuando se conduce un auto en gravilla, aterrizar la aeronave en este material causa apenas unos pocos y fáciles de reparar rayones. En todos los otros aspectos, Aquila aterrizó en la mejor forma.
Desde nuestra estación de ingeniería, en las cercanías, el equipo de Aquila vimos una transmisión de video que nos mostraba la vista desde el aire, tomada por nuestro helicóptero de seguimiento. Tuvimos asientos de primera fila para ver a la aeronave deslizarse suavemente hasta la quietud en una nube de polvo –y ver a la estación de ingeniería levantarse en aplausos–. Después del aterrizaje de Aquila, el equipo de YPG informalmente bautizó el área de aterrizaje como “Playa Aquila” –¡nombre que nosotros estuvimos orgullosos de adoptar!–.
Sobra decir que el equipo entero estaba sumamente feliz con estos resultados. Nuestro objetivo de conectar a la gente con aeronaves de vuelo a gran altitud y con energía solar es valiente, pero hitos como el marcado por este vuelo hace que meses de arduo trabajo valgan la pena. Por eso, es particularmente gratificante, que las mejoras hechas según el desempeño de Aquila en su primer vuelo hicieran una diferencia significativa en este segundo vuelo.
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Lu Chen asked Did Qi Tingji quietly remind you that he was willing to help With Cui Han s methods, there must be enough reasons to persuade Qi Tingji early and make the old swordsman willingly sacrifice that sword.Later, four were collected through various concealment methods. Tao Ran, a sword cultivator who was setting up a stall on the other side of the Wanli River, set foot in Xiandu Mountain for the first time.
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Zheng On the way to Zhongtu Suishan, Qing Tong had been carefully looking at the guests in green shirts around him with the corner of his eyes.What are you talking about I won t care if I m disgusted. How can you be so disgusting with yourself Zhu Lian laughed.
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Do you need you to say hello to Xiangdu Mountain I don t think it is necessary. Yao Xianzhi was full of admiration, Jiang is still old.Chen Pingan straightened his back and moved his lips slightly, but in the end he didn t What he said, he just nodded silently with bright eyes.
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Gao Jun asked again In this vast world, like Chen Jianxian Are there many such practitioners in the realm of Tongxuan Chen Ping an could only nod his head and said A lot.Peixiang suggested Now we have a sect, right Chief Zhou has a blessed land called Cloud Grotto next to Tongye Sect, and the blessed land is the Flower God Mountain.
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However, the Fu family of Yanyutang is not powerful within the family, but it is definitely not something that the Jinque sect can provoke casually.After Li Tuan Jingbing s death, Fenglei Garden was credited to its eldest disciple Huang He for being the mainstay.
Zhu Sir The white haired boy shook his head and grinned Guo Zhujiu Over there, Xiao Mo found that the young master took out the sword gourd again and took a sip of wine, looking unhappy.garish. More importantly, the burly man behind the girl is like a gold lettered signboard that clearly reveals his identity.
The bones of his body were shaking with gold and stone, and golden fire was flowing out. Mr. Sanshan Jiuhou, who is in charge of the operation of the grand formation, feels a little more relieved and constantly adjusts many details of the grand formation.
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After she went up the mountain, she was doted on by her elders. She often went down the mountain to practice. She had plenty of money and no shortage of money.I heard Chen Pingan s reaction to that scene After describing the retreat in detail, Ning Yao nodded and said It is dangerous to take a wrong approach.
Her luck is very good, maybe she will survive. He has been the lord of Guanghan City for a few years.Of course, he did not forget the fortune telling stall that could be disassembled and reassembled. If you have many skills, you will not be overwhelmed.
Human induction refers to the resonance between man and heaven and earth. Aren t you, Ma Kuxuan, afraid that Zaitian Zhoumi, who occupies the former site of Heaven, will be connected to the human world Separate and descend to the earth Give birth to a contingency Especially at this critical moment when the APPLE KETO GUMMIES – ((BEWARE)) – Apple Keto Gummies Reviews – Apple Keto Gummies Australia [vkpbf1tf6]
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the five realms.
Young Chen Ren, while walking, watched the art of war, cooperated with the Kanyu technique to find the dragon s acupoints, and also cultivated the five elements of the Yin and Yang family.The changing dynasties outside the mountain and the rolling dust of the world made him tired of seeing it.
Gu Can casually threw the jade token back to Liu Xianyang, Things that have never seen the world are rare.His qualifications can be described as outstanding, but because his master is Ma Kuxuan, he seems to be average and not very impressive.
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Song Wei said in a panic No need to buy wine, it is the little god s honor and blessing to be able to treat Grandmaster Pei to drink a few jars of Panyan wine brewed by Zheyao Mountain.Many years ago, I have been pursuing the state of no mistakes. But one day, I found that some of the errors were so Valuable.
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on your behalf, a major issue can be reduced to a minor issue.Except for the flattered Chief Zhou, the other three people didn t like this statement very much. Jiang Shangzhen s words are not shocking, he will never stop, saying that this is a game left by the old temple master to us, the mountain master.
ruined some of his layout plans. The two parties are Taoist couples in name, but in fact they are more like Taoist friends with the same aspirations and interests.Xie Gou s figure disappeared in a flash, quietly. But there is a girl with a mink hat on Chen Ping an s side.
Shi Jiachun made some jokes, but upon hearing her last question, everyone fell silent. Shi Jiachun stopped at that time and looked at their expressions.Do you want to meet him If you want to meet him, come with me to visit him, but I have met him. I can t talk a few words in person, or even whether he will be rejected like Wei Shanjun.
Everyone choked when they heard this. The girl in the dragon robe is about to raise her hand. You will know what is true and what is false, and the depth of the Tao.Bai Yujing s Patriarch Hall is called Taiqing Hall. Apart from the Taoist Patriarch and the three sect leaders, there are only portraits of Taoist officials in the Ascension Realm from past dynasties.
Ling Xiesheng said bluntly, Caiyu Mountain is the foundation of our Zhuzhi Sect and is the family business passed down by the founding ancestor.How could I have guessed that Senior Yu would go to this Luo Luo Mountain Yu Xuan took a deep breath, held his breath and concentrated, stamped his feet heavily, spread his hands and said goodbye I wish the owner of this mountain to retreat.
Her stubborn temper, No one can defeat anyone. Chen Pingan became more and more confused and asked, Then why did you think of coming to me Master Huolong and Yang Tianjun of Chongxuan Department are men, and I am a woman Although on the battlefield of the Sword Qi Great Wall, the young Yin official did pretend to be a female sword cultivator.
Por Martín Gómez | Blogspot Facebook.