Por Fernando Pérez y David Manero | Instructores de Udemy
Con motivo del día del trabajo, no está de más recordar que las actuales y futuras generaciones deberán prepararse para competir por empleos que aún no existen pero que sabemos estarán fuertemente ligados al conocimiento de las llamadas STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics).
Sin embargo, la realidad va por otro lado; según el reporte del Banco Mundial “At a Crossroads: Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean”, 44.7% de las personas que se integran actualmente a la educación superior lo hacen en estudios relacionados con ciencias sociales, leyes y negocios, en contraste con un 5.5% en ciencia.
Para este pequeño porcentaje de estudiantes o para aquellos que quieren explorar otras opciones profesionales, existen dos disciplinas cuyas perspectivas de empleo y crecimiento son atractivas: ciencia de datos y desarrollo de inteligencia artificial. Para ellos, Udemy comparte una guía general de los conocimientos y habilidades que deben aprender.
Ciencia de datos: tu futuro “data driven”
Su objetivo es identificar, procesar y convertir grandes volúmenes de datos en información valiosa para la toma de decisiones en cualquier ámbito del quehacer humano. Para desarrollarla y aplicarla se necesita:
Matemáticas, resaltando el dominio de algebra lineal para trabajar matrices, vectores directores, factores, cálculo diferencial, derivadas, etc.
Estadística básica para conocer una media, mediana, desviación, máximo-mínimo, teoría de la probabilidad y teorema de valles, entre otros.
Arquitectura de big data mediante el uso de software como Hadoop, bases de datos relacionales y no relacionales, empleando programas como Cassandra y Mongodb, y MySQL, PostgreSQL, respectivamente.
Lenguajes de programación como R, Python, S, C, SAS.
Manejo de bases de datos como SQL y programación en HIVE.
Programas de visualización de datos con softwares como Kibana, Tableau, Clip View, o incluso Excel.
Una habilidad fundamental para ser científico de datos, y que es considerada “blanda”, es tener curiosidad para buscar relaciones entre datos que en apariencia no están conectados o tienen lógica entre sí.
Actualmente en nuestro país no existe una licenciatura en Ciencia de Datos, sin embargo, sí existen posgrados, diplomados y cursos para iniciarse en este ámbito. Y en términos de ingreso, según el Observatorio Laboral del gobierno federal, el sueldo promedio va de 40 mil hasta 90 mil pesos mensuales.
Para estudiarla resultará más fácil si cuentas con una ingeniería, o cursaste alguna carrera asociada a matemáticas, estadística o si te desarrollas en un área científica.
Inteligencia artificial, cada vez más importante
La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) permite realizar sistemas capaces de aprender y predecir hechos o acciones a partir de la lectura de datos de otros sistemas o directamente del entorno, procesándolos y guardándolos en forma de conocimiento que posteriormente se usa para tomar decisiones.
La IA está creciendo aceleradamente, para 2017, 61% de las iniciativas empresariales de Estados Unidos habían utilizado Inteligencia Artificial y 71% tenía una estrategia de innovación para acercarse a nuevas tecnologías como esta.
Para desarrollarla y aplicarla es necesario contar con las mismas bases de conocimiento que un científico de datos, además de:
Procesamiento de datos. Fundamentos para comprender el ABC en la manera en que se “traduce” información en acciones.
Tener un buen dominio del desarrollo de aplicaciones y lenguajes de programación como R, Python, C#, C++, entre otros. A diferencia del software tradicional, centrado en una serie de tareas específicas, el que se utiliza en IA se centra en el aprendizaje constante.
Aprendizaje artificial o machine learning basado en big data para crear sistemas de aprendizaje guiado, no guiado y con base en reforzamiento.
Las posibilidades de desarrollo de IA podemos agruparlas en:
Específica: enfocada en la lectura de información de un solo tipo y brinda soluciones sobre la base de un propósito puntual
General: busca copiar las múltiples formas de pensar y actuar de un ser humano y decide sobre sus patrones de aprendizaje y decisiones; aunque todavía no está del todo desarrollada al ser amplia y compleja, al mismo tiempo que requiere de soluciones tecnológicas más robustas, ya se está trabajando para hacerla una realidad.
Para entrar en el mundo de la IA es recomendable haber estudiado alguna ingeniería en software, o contar con un alto dominio de matemáticas, estadística y programación.
Amazon, el gigante minorista líder a nivel mundial, está desafiando las convenciones en el ámbito de la automatización de almacenes. La compañía está trabajando en
WCL mejora las operaciones de distribución a través de FCA US LLC para reducir sistemáticamente los deshechos y mejorando la calidad enfocándose en 10 pilares clave técnicos y 10 administrativos.
El ElitePOS presenta un diseño modular impresionante, distinto a las terminales POS de gran tamaño, tipo caja, que se utilizan de manera común en las tiendas minoristas.
There is a grand canyon here, which is very deep and has a depth of 10,000 meters.Although there is constant friction between the major forces, it is only a small fight, and basically no sixth rank sects have been destroyed.
For a moment, the entire Wenfeng City was filled with various ancient beasts and spirit boat chariots.If he told it, no one would believe it. But now, it actually happened.
This magic furnace is extremely dark, with mysterious runes engraved all over its body, like something from the devil world.But then, everyone was surprised. Because they found that more than one sword made the sound of contention.
In an instant, his body was torn open, revealing thick white bones, blood was flowing, and the pungent smell of blood made people vomit.It s really good, no wonder you were able to come up.
No wonder these alchemists are so scared, with the strength of the opponent, it is easy to kill all the alchemists here.Either you have status or strength. What strength Lin Xuan asked.
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But Lin Xuan let out a low growl, the dragon sword field flickered all over his body, and a shocking sword light shot straight into the sky, tearing open the entire void.The warriors in Xueshatang sneered one by one. At this time, someone exclaimed again Look, someone has come out.
It can be said that Lin Xuan is now like a god of war, unstoppable.However, when they saw the person who shot, their expressions suddenly darkened.
The dark red dragon looked forward and said leisurely Of course, if the emperor makes a move, this time can be shortened by more than half.Since this is the case, then we won t delay. Lin Xuan stopped his work, and then said loudly, Everyone, I don t know how your research is going.
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I don t know. The dark red dragon shook his head To be honest, the cultivation strength of this middle aged man far surpasses mine.After Lin Xuan and Zhao Xue came out, they found something was wrong.
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By the way, can you explain in detail what happened to the spar you mentioned.Seeing that the opponent sacrificed the wolf spirit as soon as he made a move, Lin Xuan also snorted coldly, and quickly sacrificed his own humanoid lightning spirit.
Find a way to lure Young Master Ling Feng out. Next, Lin Xuan began to assign tasks to Luo Bingshan.Moreover, he is also the younger brother of the eldest son of the Shen family.
Obviously, this is a manifestation of the opponent s mental confusion, that is to say, the woman in white in front did not really control this ancient monster.s things. Bone wood, a very peculiar material, is one of the materials needed to refine the red lotus armor.
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Why do you have to come to this kind of place yourself Although Lin Haoming was full of evil spirits, Qi Tianlong still squeezed out some smiles when Lin Haoming came.Han Ningxiang said at last, looking at it deliberately That guy, the insinuation is self evident.
Zhu returned to her side. As soon as the devil came to Cui Changting s side, Cui Changting pointed at the devil.Sure enough, without waiting for anyone to ask, Liu Xuan said first, Everyone, the situation has changed.
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Of course there is no problem with this, but can you tell me what kind of spirit insect this insect is One of the main livelihoods of our tribe is to raise various spirit insects said the old man.Who is this person Lin Haoming asked, pointing to the man named Jiang Shaoyou.
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This time the man in sackcloth was really restrained by the sharp teeth of the little girl in front of him.
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