Por Fernando Pérez y David Manero | Instructores de Udemy
Con motivo del día del trabajo, no está de más recordar que las actuales y futuras generaciones deberán prepararse para competir por empleos que aún no existen pero que sabemos estarán fuertemente ligados al conocimiento de las llamadas STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics).
Sin embargo, la realidad va por otro lado; según el reporte del Banco Mundial “At a Crossroads: Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean”, 44.7% de las personas que se integran actualmente a la educación superior lo hacen en estudios relacionados con ciencias sociales, leyes y negocios, en contraste con un 5.5% en ciencia.
Para este pequeño porcentaje de estudiantes o para aquellos que quieren explorar otras opciones profesionales, existen dos disciplinas cuyas perspectivas de empleo y crecimiento son atractivas: ciencia de datos y desarrollo de inteligencia artificial. Para ellos, Udemy comparte una guía general de los conocimientos y habilidades que deben aprender.
Ciencia de datos: tu futuro “data driven”
Su objetivo es identificar, procesar y convertir grandes volúmenes de datos en información valiosa para la toma de decisiones en cualquier ámbito del quehacer humano. Para desarrollarla y aplicarla se necesita:
Matemáticas, resaltando el dominio de algebra lineal para trabajar matrices, vectores directores, factores, cálculo diferencial, derivadas, etc.
Estadística básica para conocer una media, mediana, desviación, máximo-mínimo, teoría de la probabilidad y teorema de valles, entre otros.
Arquitectura de big data mediante el uso de software como Hadoop, bases de datos relacionales y no relacionales, empleando programas como Cassandra y Mongodb, y MySQL, PostgreSQL, respectivamente.
Lenguajes de programación como R, Python, S, C, SAS.
Manejo de bases de datos como SQL y programación en HIVE.
Programas de visualización de datos con softwares como Kibana, Tableau, Clip View, o incluso Excel.
Una habilidad fundamental para ser científico de datos, y que es considerada “blanda”, es tener curiosidad para buscar relaciones entre datos que en apariencia no están conectados o tienen lógica entre sí.
Actualmente en nuestro país no existe una licenciatura en Ciencia de Datos, sin embargo, sí existen posgrados, diplomados y cursos para iniciarse en este ámbito. Y en términos de ingreso, según el Observatorio Laboral del gobierno federal, el sueldo promedio va de 40 mil hasta 90 mil pesos mensuales.
Para estudiarla resultará más fácil si cuentas con una ingeniería, o cursaste alguna carrera asociada a matemáticas, estadística o si te desarrollas en un área científica.
Inteligencia artificial, cada vez más importante
La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) permite realizar sistemas capaces de aprender y predecir hechos o acciones a partir de la lectura de datos de otros sistemas o directamente del entorno, procesándolos y guardándolos en forma de conocimiento que posteriormente se usa para tomar decisiones.
La IA está creciendo aceleradamente, para 2017, 61% de las iniciativas empresariales de Estados Unidos habían utilizado Inteligencia Artificial y 71% tenía una estrategia de innovación para acercarse a nuevas tecnologías como esta.
Para desarrollarla y aplicarla es necesario contar con las mismas bases de conocimiento que un científico de datos, además de:
Procesamiento de datos. Fundamentos para comprender el ABC en la manera en que se “traduce” información en acciones.
Tener un buen dominio del desarrollo de aplicaciones y lenguajes de programación como R, Python, C#, C++, entre otros. A diferencia del software tradicional, centrado en una serie de tareas específicas, el que se utiliza en IA se centra en el aprendizaje constante.
Aprendizaje artificial o machine learning basado en big data para crear sistemas de aprendizaje guiado, no guiado y con base en reforzamiento.
Las posibilidades de desarrollo de IA podemos agruparlas en:
Específica: enfocada en la lectura de información de un solo tipo y brinda soluciones sobre la base de un propósito puntual
General: busca copiar las múltiples formas de pensar y actuar de un ser humano y decide sobre sus patrones de aprendizaje y decisiones; aunque todavía no está del todo desarrollada al ser amplia y compleja, al mismo tiempo que requiere de soluciones tecnológicas más robustas, ya se está trabajando para hacerla una realidad.
Para entrar en el mundo de la IA es recomendable haber estudiado alguna ingeniería en software, o contar con un alto dominio de matemáticas, estadística y programación.
Amazon, el gigante minorista líder a nivel mundial, está desafiando las convenciones en el ámbito de la automatización de almacenes. La compañía está trabajando en
Erich Wetzel, líder de la Amti, participó en el 9° Foro Nacional IMEF de Infraestructura, en el que se ventilaron acciones clave encaminadas a ofrecer respuestas a los retos de la demanda de servicios de punta.
El flujo de migrantes calificados ha contribuido a un ligero descenso en el promedio total del índice de este año. Es la primera vez que se ha reducido el promedio general del índice desde la primera edición en 2012.
Without Qunxing Capital s insurance, they would never dare to do this.Look brand. Because the appearance of this mobile phone is very similar to the Xingyu S series mobile phone, not to say exactly the same, but also very similar, but the price is only a fraction of the S1 mobile phone.
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When everyone saw the budget scale number written as a budget scale of 75 billion to 100 billion yuan, their eyes dropped to the ground.Being sick does not mean that you will have money at any time.
More than 20 million S3 mobile phones were sold in a quarter, accounting for a quarter of the industry s profit scale.According to its transaction details, Merrill Lynch took over the cryptocurrency trading platform, and Star Capital did not earn any premium.
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In the past, he simply didn t appreciate the other person s temperament, but now he also had to add the other person s family background.However, at this time, the dead branches and leaves on the stone under the tree had accumulated thickly.
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Yang and the iron armed monkey came to the demon monkey cave.Then without Tong Yan s instructions, the black bear clenched his fist and rushed towards Qingyang.
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They would even use the Tao family s incident to label him as a remnant of the Blood Demon Sect and hunt him down.Arousing his warlike temperament, the Iron armed Monkey became more and more courageous as he fought, and the fight was hearty, and there was even a faint feeling of excitement.
It does not look like a place where ordinary Jingshan Rats live.How could I want such an important thing from my sister Qingyang refused and said, Miaomiao, this Foundation Building Pill is too valuable.
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It turns out that we are just looking at the sky from a well and have never seen a real formation master The formation master replied bitterly.The main reason is that there are too many mission targets.
Faced with the self destruction of a great monk, the two great monks immediately retreated, and at the same time continued to add various defenses in front of them.End of this chapter Li Yuanba solved the problem of the space rift.
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Harrov was faced with this difficult choice. Just leave this place to me.A chance to escape. This is the reason why the fleet suffered heavy losses but achieved nothing.
He actually began to study the wizards experiments, saying that he wanted to make the free fall that the magic star had done.The plane you are on has been targeted by the brutal killer, the enemy of all life, and the lord of the undead, Danatus.
The value of money itself is artificially given and can only be reflected when it is replaced with commodities.Besides that, it s a matter of energy. At this point, Linn s expression became solemn.
Vittorio Said slightly embarrassed. For them, everything in the realm of legend is unknown.
Por Fernando Pérez y David Manero | Instructores de Udemy