Para Javier Dolcet, head of Supply Chain de Privalia México, es imposible ignorar las actuales tecnologías disruptivas en el proceso logístico, no obstante, aseguró que las empresas pueden seguir funcionando sin ningún problema con tecnologías tradicionales, poniendo especial atención al warehousing, la transportación y la atención al cliente, sobre todo en México, en donde los presupuestos pueden suponer un punto importante al momento de decidir si deben o no implementarse nuevas soluciones.
Durante el webinar «Cómo enfrentar un entorno disruptivo con tecnologías de logística tradicionales», organizado por el Logistic Summit y Apics Capítulo México; el ejecutivo explicó quea tecnologías ya conocidas como inteligencia artificial (que se aplican a supply chain, transporte y el e-commerce), internet de las cosas, realidad virtual, chatbots, big data o blockchain, se agrega la existencia de disrupciones más específicas para el sector de la logística, que apenas son un proyecto en México y se estudia cómo aplicarlas.
“Estamos viendo que empresas como Adidas están sacando sus primeros modelos de tenis deportivos fabricados después de un pedido, directamente de una máquina de impresión 3D; cómo empresas ya tienen soluciones reales para hacer un picking en un almacén… robots que ya se van directo a los anaqueles y traen la orden del producto que el cliente ha pedido o empresas que tienen implementados procesos de RFID, inventarios semiautomáticos, en cuestión de segundos poder inventariar miles de piezas”, detalló el ejecutivo.
Dolcet indicó que para la transportación se están desarrollando tecnologías de camiones sostenibles, eléctricos dirigidos automáticamente; o drones que en el futuro serán de las tecnologías más disruptivas. «Son tecnologías que ya existen y se usan, sin embargo, el sector logístico no tiene de qué preocuparse porque se pueden hacer las cosas tomándolas en cuenta e ir implementándolas poco a poco», aseguró.
El ejecutivo considera que el mejor warehousing siempre dependerá del tipo de almacén que se tenga y comentó que si 65% de las empresas tercerizan operaciones y para el restante 35% su fuerte no es la logística, transportando o almacenando mercancía, la opción son los operadores. “Creo que hay pocas empresas que hoy pueden hacer una operación logística mejor de lo que lo pueden hacer estos operadores en el sentido de empresas con recursos económicos de inversión, bodegas, tecnología como WMS”.
En relación al core business, el ejecutivo de Privalia México considera que es una buena opción contratar algunos servicios de 3PL o carriers y enfocarse en lo que realmente es el negocio, es decir, poner el foco en las ventas del producto, acotó el directivo. Para ello, recomendó que estos operadores tengan una experiencia multisectorial y multicliente, o que se especialicen en un nicho determinado; ofrecer servicios de valor agregado dependiendo del producto; y tener un proceso definido de logística inversa con control de inventarios y de control de stock.
Asimismo, contar con un equipo potente de IT y una capacidad humana para hacer integraciones continuas de alta o pequeña complejidad; tener soluciones de mejora continua y flexibilidad en procesos de reingeniería, ya que algunos sectores dependen de la temporalidad; y capacidad de invertir a largo plazo, cerrar en tarifas basadas en volúmenes y niveles de servicio para reestructurar tarifas y tener tiempos de entrega marcados por cada proceso, entre otros.
«Dentro la planeación logística de una bodega o almacén, es importante saber el layout, qué tipo de producto hay, que los de mayor rotación estén en la zona de despacho de la entrada o salida para que los recorridos de los operarios sean lo más cortos posibles. Ser muy disciplinados a la hora de medir una planeación, es decir, darle a un operador o al equipo logístico, una visión de (una o dos semanas) corto plazo, (seis semanas a dos meses) de medio o (seis a 12 meses) largo plazo… De esta manera todos los agentes de la cadena de suministro y de ventas estarán alineados. Implementar procesos en donde estén involucradas la parte operativa, de manufactura, marketing y de ventas”.
Mantener y crecer durante el proceso logístico
El especialista refirió que otro punto importante es el forecasting con ayuda de la reflexión y análisis del talento, así como de tecnologías que ayuden a los procesos de mejora continua que se va adaptando a la planificación y evitar una afectación de las ventas o manufactura, por ejemplo, saber si se tiene baja variación o alta variación de la demanda o si hay tendencias moderadas o altas.
También recomendó hacer un almacenaje con SpeedCell, que permite la fácil implementación en zona de racks, elevada densidad y con un costo ligeramente alto, así como definir el modelo de negocio para elegir la distribución horizontal o vertical. “El buen control de stock pasa a ser la médula de cualquier operación, es la columna vertebral de una buena operación, que no sólo sea escalable, sino controlable y rápida».
“Les recomiendo, una o dos veces al año para operaciones complejas, hacer un wall-to-wall, que es hacer un inventario de pared a pared… Hacer diariamente inventarios cíclicos, parciales de la ubicación con la operación en marcha y se cuentan pocas unidades diarias con alta periodicidad; que se puede medir con el IRA (Inventory Record Accuracy), que mide la exactitud del inventario a pieza; o el ILA (Inventory Local Accuracy), que mide la exactitud de la ubicación; y el Military Standard, que es un plan de calidad de aceptación de lote por muestreo”.
Para la trasportación, en un proceso manual, lo más importante es el ROI y generar un proceso semiautomático de actualización vía csv, subcontratar servicios o contratar un TMS; incluso, usar las propuestas de los operadores como creación, rastreo y pago de envíos en línea. También conviene aprovechar el servicio de envío de información en tiempo real que ofrecen los carriers, como el comparador de precios referenciales, entre otros, dijo el experto.
Dolcet considera un error no tomar en cuenta la atención a clientes en la cadena y que está directamente relacionada con ésta porque es donde se tiene el poder de contacto con el cliente final y su satisfacción. Por lo tanto, es recomendable tener buenas prácticas en la atención para concientizar a todos los integrantes de la empresa del impacto de su trabajo en el cliente; y la constante comunicación entre áreas para tomar acciones inmediatas.
También generar canales de comunicación internos y retroalimentables; escuchar al cliente y transmitir los comentarios al resto de las áreas; empoderar a los agentes a que sean capaces de tomar la mejor decisión para el cliente; así como tener una integración de canales en la respuesta a los socios, que pueden ser muy útiles para los jefes de cadena de suministro porque “no sólo depende del customer to service la satisfacción de un cliente”, por lo que implementar programas que gestionen todas las redes sociales y permitan dar respuestas, incluido el correo electrónico, es indispensable.
Aclaró que se pueden contratar ERP, CRM, WMS, TMS o software de atención al cliente en el mercado, aunque no estén integrados entre sí; aquí, tomar en cuenta la importancia tanto de la escalabilidad como de la rentabilidad, «el ROI, es vital, aunque en países como México ciertas inversiones no se recuperan en el corto plazo». Dado que la logística es ya integrada y se habla de commerce y ya no de e-commerce, se debe buscar un partner logístico que entienda que los clientes de las empresas a las que da servicios también deben ser sus clientes.
Finalmente, el responsable de Supply Chain de Privalia México reveló que para muchas empresas de retail la regla del economista italiano Pareto, en la que los productos cuyo importe acumulado compone el 80% del valor total está compuesto por el 20% del total de productos, ya no aplica porque actualmente existe una variedad de productos que no siempre se tienen a disposición, como sucede con los fabricantes o distribuidores.
Para conocer más de estos conceptos globales, y otros consejos aplicables a la cadena de suministro que despertarán nuevas ideas para mejorar tu negocio, te recomendamos formar parte del Congreso Internacional del Logistic Summit & Expo, los días 21 y 22 de marzo de 2018.
Un factor que cambiará la dinámica de las compras por internet será la alta penetración de usuarios de smartphones, tanto en los mercados desarrollados como en los emergentes.
Mayor automatización se traduce en crecimiento financiero y promete mayor productividad. Las compañías altamente automatizadas son 6 veces más propensas a incrementar sus ingresos.
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