Por Carlos Cisneros | Director de Canales en Extreme Networks para Latinoamérica.
Internet de las Cosas (IoT) se está convirtiendo rápidamente en la base conceptual de las edificaciones. IoT es un término relativamente nuevo, pero este concepto se basa en una rica historia de monitoreo, telemetría, computación basada en sensores y la automatización que ha sido parte de muchas industrias durante décadas. También se basa en otro término relativamente nuevo para una capacidad establecida, de máquina a máquina o M2M, pero añade el elemento fundamental de las comunicaciones basadas en IP, lo que hace que IoT sea instantáneamente compatible con las redes organizacionales e Internet en general. Por lo tanto, este avance es relativamente menor en términos de complejidad, pero absolutamente enorme en términos de beneficios a largo plazo.
Ahora está claro que IoT beneficiará esencialmente cada aplicación de telemetría y M2M, dominando, como una consecuencia, la oportunidad de construcción inteligente, que, por cierto, es enorme, implicando quizás miles de millones de nuevos dispositivos de punto final desplegados a nivel mundial durante la próxima década. Tenga en cuenta, sin embargo, que no todos estos dispositivos serán de la naturaleza de baja demanda / bajo ciclo de servicio que es a menudo asociadas a aplicaciones de teledetección y control.
Muchos implicarán, por ejemplo, proyectos de alta resolución y vigilancia por video de alta velocidad, además de la monitorización continua de condiciones de seguridad. E independientemente de la aplicación, el ancho de banda adecuado para las operaciones de baja latencia es esencial para satisfacer tanto las expectativas de los usuarios como las restricciones de rendimiento de las aplicaciones.
Además, de creciente interés es el uso de tecnologías de redes inalámbricas para la construcción (y, de nuevo, incluso el campus) la ubicación y seguimiento de personas y objetos a medida que se mueven a través de una instalación. Ya funcionan las balizas Wi-Fi y Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), con un seguimiento de activos muy directa a cualquier red. Además de ayudar en el seguimiento del personal clave, equipo vital son los hospitales o las instalaciones de vida asistida, y el flujo de materiales en una distribución; edificios inteligentes pueden aprovechar la ubicación y la información de seguimiento para ajustar HVAC, iluminación y otros factores ambientales automáticamente, minimizando el consumo de energía y reduciendo los gastos operativos sin interferir con la productividad del personal.
Beneficios específicos en diferentes sectores del mercado
Es fácil ver cómo los impulsores del mercado y los requisitos tecnológicos para los edificios inteligentes ya están presentes. Echemos un vistazo a los principales dominios de mercado y aplicaciones para ver cómo se beneficia cada uno de los componentes de la estrategia smartbuilding.
Nuestro objetivo, independientemente de la misión, la industria o la escala de un determinado despliegue, sigue siendo optimizar los resultados empresariales evaluados en términos de productividad, control de costos, confiabilidad y escalabilidad perfecta.
Los edificios inteligentes pronto demostrarán enormes beneficios en términos de calidad de la experiencia del usuario final en comodidad, productividad e incluso darle ventaja competitiva global. Sin embargo, también es importante señalar que la privacidad del usuario sigue siendo una preocupación, y desafortunadamente es a menudo un objetivo en movimiento. Este factor está mejor hoy gracias a buenas políticas locales, acuerdos entre gente y junto con asesoramiento jurídico adecuado.
Con eso fuera del camino, veamos cómo los edificios inteligentes puede proporcionar una amplia gama de beneficios en una amplia mercados y aplicaciones:
Educación primaria, secundaria y superior: Las tecnologías de edificios inteligentes permiten mayor movilidad de los estudiantes y aumenta su compromiso para llegar al éxito, les facilita la personalización educativa y mejorar la creatividad, al mismo tiempo que reducen su inseguridad. Capacidades como el video basado en la red cámaras de vigilancia, ayuda en línea, tutoría y pruebas, artículos deportivos para atletismo, asistencia, seguimiento, control ambiental y monitoreo, e incluso asegurando que un determinado estudiante use el autobús correcto puede ser parte de una estrategia de escuelas inteligentes.
Cuidado de la salud: Ningún mercado es más crítico que el cuidado de la salud, con los principales objetivos generales de mejorar la eficiencia de los costos y hacer frente a los requisitos ambientales especializados. Los edificios inteligentes aquí pueden localizar equipos críticos, dirigir y rastrear automáticamente a los pacientes pasar de un departamento a otro, integrar las comunicaciones de las áreas clínicas con los servicios de localización, monitorizar las cuestiones medioambientales, optimizar las operaciones rentables y proporcionar datos que ayuden en la planificación de instalaciones en el futuro.
Retail: Lo importante en el retail es no tener los productos disponibles, sino dar un servicio óptimo al cliente, esa satisfacción que diferencian a un minorista de otro. Proporcionar mayor seguridad física, prevención de pérdidas, administración de stocks, y costos, y auto-checkout son todos habilitados a través de Smart Buildings.
Fabricación, transporte y distribución: El flujo óptimo de material depende del seguimiento de ubicación, una capacidad inherente de la red Wi-Fi en la era de la red de los edificios inteligentes. La administración y minimización de los costos relacionados con entornos difíciles o complejos también serán importantes aquí.
Viajes y hospitalidad: Los hoteles pueden mejorar el servicio a los huéspedes, la eficiencia de sus instalaciones para reuniones y conferencias, y costos medioambientales. Servicios basados en la localización (incluyendo direcciones y wayfinding) son también vitales en los aeropuertos y otros centros de transporte, y muchos aspectos de la seguridad tan esencial para los viajes modernos también se han mejorado.
Deportes y entretenimiento: Wi-Fi se está convirtiendo rápidamente en esencial en los lugares deportivos, incluidos los estadios. Los grandes centros desean mejorar el juego de la experiencia del asistente con contenido personalizado, como repeticiones, estadísticas e incluso la realidad aumentada. Las estrategias en construcciones inteligentes también caben muy bien en entornos más pequeños, incluyendo auditorios y teatros.
Empresas: Realmente no hay ninguna organización empresarial o comercial que no pueda beneficiarse de los beneficios que como se ha discutido en este documento y le permite un crecimiento sin fisuras a lo largo del tiempo.
Sector público: La mayoría de los beneficios anteriores también se aplican al gobierno, y permiten el concepto de ciudades inteligentes, como aplicar una amplia variedad de técnicas basadas en la red para la administración del estacionamiento, control de tráfico, iluminación, monitoreo ambiental, vigilancia, y, sí, incluso edificios municipales inteligentes, una vez más, con una mejor relación costo-eficacia y calidad de vida en general.
La tendencia aquí es clara: cada construcción va a ser un edificio inteligente. Y la clave para el éxito es aprovechar la infraestructura de red con mayor cobertura y hacer de esto una realidad. Pero extendamos también el modelo de edificio inteligente con todos sus beneficios a ciudades inteligentes, a hogares inteligentes. «Automatización del hogar» ha estado en boca de todos por décadas. Soluciones residenciales exitosas también debe estar claramente basado en la red, e incluso esperamos ver muchas oficinas en casa conectadas literalmente a sus organizaciones o a su proveedor de servicios del modelo privado o público en la Nube.
El acompañamiento es crucial para un mejor funcionamiento de un sistema administrativo, pero por lo regular la consultoría es poco valorada, ya que se piensa que es innecesaria o cara.
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Por Carlos Cisneros | Director de Canales en Extreme Networks para Latinoamérica.