Por Cristina Magdalena | Head of Digital Strategy & Transformation, de Fujitsu
La manufactura siempre ha sido el motor de las revoluciones industriales a nivel mundial. La necesidad de producir bienes de forma rápida y a un costo competitivo ha impulsado el desarrollo económico durante siglos. Desde el vapor hasta la electricidad y la tecnología digital, los fabricantes han adaptado la innovación para generar progreso y productividad.
El desafío básico de este sector se basa en el equilibrio entre el trabajador humano y las máquinas. Actualmente, con el auge de la robótica y la llegada de la era digital, la pregunta es: ¿cómo es capaz la tecnología de apoyar a los trabajadores para llevar a cabo tareas ergonómicamente difíciles o liberarlos para que puedan enfocarse en actividades de más valor para el negocio? La solución reside en un proceso evolutivo. El cambio no puede ser abrupto, sino administrado y organizado.
Hoy en día, en México, la Industria 4.0 está ganando y describe la Cuarta Revolución Industrial. Las compañías del sector están de acuerdo que es el momento de actuar para maximizar los beneficios de la automatización y la era digital.
Personas y máquinas en el corazón de la automatización
El surgimiento de la Inteligencia Artificial, la Realidad Aumentada y el Aprendizaje Automático está brindando automatización en áreas que se consideraban intocables. La rápida adopción de robots dentro de las fábricas ha sido un proceso de desarrollo y ajuste continuo. No obstante, el desafío de emparejar las habilidades humanas con el potencial de las máquinas se vuelve más complejo, a medida que el software inteligente y autosuficiente evoluciona.
En este punto, el enfoque de la co-creación resulta beneficioso para todas las partes. La visión de un “equipo híbrido” entre la tecnología (ya sean robots o software) y el trabajo de las personas es fundamental en un mercado tan acelerado como el actual. Sin duda, los empleados deben ser el punto focal de la transformación digital. Para lograrlo, la información que los empleados reciben debe adaptarse a sus necesidades específicas: tiene que ser válido para sus actividades. Esa es la única manera de evitar problemas en la planta de producción, así como de garantizar que la productividad aumente junto con el compromiso.
Al final, cada trabajador es una parte esencial en el proceso de fabricación.
La innovación y la calidad dependen tanto de las personas como de la tecnología. Las personas cuentan con ideas y creatividad, las máquinas no. Por lo tanto, al hacer que el proceso de producción sea más rápido y ágil mediante la automatización, los colaboradores pueden agregar valor a través de sus habilidades: ideas, creatividad, trabajo en equipo y resolución de problemas.
La tecnología digital debe centrarse en garantizar la mejor experiencia y servicio al cliente. Desde hace un tiempo, la industria manufacturera se está moviendo hacia un nuevo modelo comercial: conocido como ‘Servitization’, los fabricantes adaptan su oferta a las necesidades específicas de los clientes en tiempo real. También permite que las líneas de producción ofrezcan servicios de suscripción. Es decir, los clientes pueden usar bienes y pagar su producción y su tiempo de actividad.
La fabricación está evolucionando de la producción en masa a una era en la que pueden ser hechos a la medida. Los clientes pueden personalizar cada producto cuando lo necesiten y la línea de producción puede hacer frente a esas demandas en tiempo real. Para responder a esa tendencia creciente, las empresas manufactureras están evolucionando rápidamente para adoptar los estándares de la Industria 4.0 que les permitirán tomar especificaciones únicas y garantizar que lo que el cliente solicitó salga de la línea de producción exactamente como lo desean.
El auge de Internet of Things (IoT) es garantizar que la tendencia “’Servitization” se pueda aplicar a una variedad de conceptos de fabricación. La tecnología realiza un seguimiento de los resultados, así como de los fallos subyacentes o en desarrollo. Eso ayuda al modelo de suscripción y garantiza un mantenimiento predictivo para evitar el tiempo de inactividad.
La seguridad debe enfocarse de forma integral
La visión de un futuro basado en fabricación digital es convincente. Pero, independientemente de la etapa que haya alcanzado una empresa en su recorrido digital, la seguridad siempre ocupa un lugar destacado en la agenda. La ciberseguridad debe estar en el corazón de cualquier hoja de ruta. La nube, AI, IoT y todos los demás aspectos de la conectividad deben implementarse desde un enfoque de ciberseguridad total, para defenderse de los atacantes que intentan penetrar a los puntos débiles o brechas e interrumpir los procesos de producción.
El desafío es construir redes operativas que puedan protegerse adecuadamente, pero sin que las medidas de seguridad comprometan la producción diaria del fabricante. Equilibrar los dos roles de TI, permitir la producción y proteger su seguridad, debe ser una prioridad. Uno no puede superar al otro. Pero, la seguridad no puede tomarse a la ligera. Es un dilema que todas las empresas deben enfrentar.
En conclusión, es imperativo que las compañías del sector aprovechen al máximo las grandes ventajas que brinda la industria 4.0 y sus tecnologías asociadas. Para beneficiarse y enfrentar los desafíos que conlleva, en Fujitsu recomendamos la co-creación y la colaboración estrecha con un socio de negocio que verdaderamente entienda las opciones involucradas.
La pirámide es un marco simple que ayuda a las organizaciones a argumentar cómo y por qué podrían y deberían cumplir con sus responsabilidades sociales. Intenta equilibrar los intereses propios de las empresas (ganancias) con su objetivo más amplio y virtuoso de ser socialmente responsable.
La tecnología puede proporcionar altas capacidades en manufactura. Pero antes debe adquirirse un conocimiento profundo del propio proceso de producción.
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The carpentry work in the courtyard was indeed exquisite.The courtyard is not big, with three rooms facing south.
One is the Prajna Sutra written by my master, and the other is the Buddhist body building technique Nine Turns of the Golden Body Art.The gray shadow shook, and with the obsession of life as its core, it began to absorb the dark energy of the night, and gradually turned into a humanoid ghost floating in the air.
Por Cristina Magdalena | Head of Digital Strategy & Transformation, de Fujitsu