En el mundo de la fabricación moderna, una planta no solo produce bienes, sino que también se erige como una fábrica de datos. Cada activo, producto, proceso y sistema en una planta genera una cantidad sorprendente de datos. Según IBM, una fábrica promedio genera 1 TB de datos de producción cada día. Estos datos, una vez procesados y analizados adecuadamente, tienen el potencial de transformar la eficiencia operativa y la toma de decisiones estratégicas en la industria manufacturera.
Desafíos de los datos sin procesar y no estructurados
Sin embargo, trabajar con datos sin procesar y no estructurados presenta sus propios desafíos. Estos datos, que originalmente se concibieron para el control de procesos, carecen de contexto y estandarización. Además, su volumen, velocidad y variedad están en constante aumento, lo que los convierte en una materia prima difícil de manejar.
Aplicando principios Lean a la gestión de datos
Afortunadamente, los fabricantes ya tienen a su disposición un marco efectivo para abordar estos desafíos: los principios de la manufactura Lean. Siguiendo los pasos clave definidos por James Womack y Dan Jones, los fabricantes pueden aplicar conceptos Lean a la gestión eficiente de datos.
Propósito: Al igual que una iniciativa lean debe apuntar a un valor para el cliente, los fabricantes deben identificar quién y para qué se utilizan sus datos. Diferentes partes interesadas internas, como garantía de calidad, mantenimiento, finanzas y gestión de la cadena de suministro, pueden necesitar acceso a estos datos para resolver una variedad de problemas.
Proceso: Después de definir el propósito, los fabricantes pueden centrarse en cómo cumplir su objetivo. Al igual que en el mapeo del flujo de valor en la manufactura Lean, los fabricantes deben mapear el flujo de datos para reducir la complejidad arquitectónica y evitar interrupciones en los datos. Esto implica crear flujo de datos y establecer un sistema de extracción para garantizar que solo se almacenen y procesen los datos necesarios para lograr un caso de uso específico.
Personas: Para mantener los proyectos Lean en marcha, es crucial establecer ciclos de mejora frecuentes y designar un administrador de flujo de valor. En el contexto de la preparación de datos, esto implica la gobernanza de datos y la comunicación multifuncional. Los fabricantes deben determinar quién supervisará el proyecto de datos y superará la etapa piloto, lo que puede implicar la creación de nuevos roles como ingeniero de datos, arquitecto de soluciones y director de transformación digital.
Habilitando datos eficientes
Al aplicar principios Lean a la gestión de datos, los fabricantes pueden reducir el desperdicio de datos y mejorar la eficiencia operativa. Al mapear cómo fluyen los datos desde una operación específica hasta su destino final, los fabricantes pueden identificar áreas de mejora y optimizar sus procesos de preparación de datos.
Transformando datos industriales en información
Si los datos son la materia prima de los negocios, entonces la planta está repleta de este recurso. Al utilizar herramientas y tecnologías que han transformado la fabricación durante décadas, los fabricantes pueden convertir sus datos industriales en información valiosa y abrir las puertas a una fábrica de datos eficiente. Con una gestión eficiente de datos, las plantas pueden maximizar la eficiencia operativa, reducir los costos y mantenerse competitivas en un mercado en constante cambio.
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