Eset desarrolló un análisis sobre el nuevo ataque de ransomware que se inició en Ucrania, y cifró información de máquinas de todo el mundo, afectando compañías de distintas industrias como bancos, red eléctrica y empresas postales, entre otras. El ransomware (secuestro de información) es el término genérico para referirse a todo tipo de software malicioso que le exige al usuario del equipo el pago de un rescate.
“El día martes un nuevo ataque de ransomware dejó en evidencia que sigue habiendo sistemas desactualizados, falta de soluciones de seguridad y de planes necesarios para evitar una infección. Los ataques continúan creciendo y evolucionando, por lo que desde Eset seguimos apostando a que la prevención y la concientización son claves para evitar ser víctimas.”, aseguró Camilo Gutierrez, jefe del Laboratorio de Eset Latinoamérica
Con el fin de despejar todas las dudas en torno a este nuevo ataque global, la compañía comparte el siguiente cuestionario:
¿Cuáles son las características de este ransomware?
Se destacan tres aspectos que lo diferencian:
Cifrado: no solo cifra los archivos con una extensión determinada, sino que además intenta cifrar, generalmente con éxito, el MBR (Master Boot Record), que es el registro principal de arranque.
Propagación: tiene la propiedad de un gusano, o sea, puede propagarse a través de diferentes técnicas por la red logrando infectar nuevos equipos.
Exploit: hace uso de ellos para explotar vulnerabilidades en equipos que no han sido actualizados o no se les han instalado los parches correspondientes.
¿Es igual de poderoso que WannaCryptor?
Ambos tienen el mismo impacto: impiden el acceso a la información almacenada en el sistema. Sin embargo, este nuevo ataque no solo cifra la información que se encuentra en los equipos, sino que, luego de que se reinicia el sistema, deja inutilizable al sistema operativo, por lo que las víctimas se ven obligadas a realizar una reinstalación.
¿Qué es lo que hace exactamente esta amenaza?
Luego de que el ransomware es ejecutado, crea una tarea programada con el fin de reiniciar el equipo en un determinado tiempo, que no suele ser más de sesenta minutos. Además, verifica si existen carpetas o discos compartidos para propagarse.
A continuación, comienza a cifrar archivos que contengan una determinada extensión. A diferencia de la mayoría del ransomware, este código malicioso no cambia o agrega una extensión particular luego de cifrar cada archivo, una técnica muy utilizada por los atacantes para distinguir a los archivos infectados.
Por último, el malware intentará eliminar los registros de eventos para no dejar rastro alguno, como también ocultar sus acciones.
¿Cómo se propaga de un país a otro? ¿Llegó a Latinoamérica?
La propagación es una característica destacable de esta amenaza. Una vez que logra infectar un equipo, intenta extraer las credenciales del usuario para luego usarlas con PsExec y WMIC para realizar una búsqueda de carpetas y discos compartidos, y así propagarse por la red a la cual el equipo esté conectado. De esta manera, logra infectar equipos situados en distintos países y regiones.
Sí, llegó a Latinoamérica, en la mayoría de los casos a equipos de empresas multinacionales conectados en red con los de otras filiales en Europa o Asia, desde las cuales se propagó con su capacidad de gusano.
¿Qué se puede hacer para evitarlo?
Tanto en hogares como en empresas, contar con una solución antivirus es imprescindible. La misma tiene que estar correctamente configurada, contemplar qué puertos están abiertos y por qué.
Además, la red debe estar configurada y segmentada correctamente, y monitorear constantemente el tráfico para detectar algún tipo de comportamiento fuera de lo normal. Es esencial realizar un estudio detallado de la información más relevante y hacer backup de la misma, para que, en caso de que se cifre, haya una forma de restaurarla.
En cuanto a las contraseñas, es primordial llevar una buena gestión de las mismas, ya que si tan solo una de las máquinas infectadas posee las credenciales de administrador, podría infectar toda la red.
Si estoy infectado y no puedo acceder al sistema, ¿cómo tendría que avanzar?
Se podrían utilizar técnicas forenses para intentar correr en memoria otro sistema operativo y de esta forma acceder a los archivos cifrados. Sin embargo, no hay mucho que se pueda hacer más que aplicar el backup, lo cual sería crucial para evitar la reinstalación del sistema operativo.
En última instancia, si no hay backup, los cibercriminales siempre ofrecerán la opción extorsiva, pero desde ESET no sugerimos de pagar el rescate ya que mientras siga siendo rentable, el ransomware continuará creciendo.
¿Cómo están operando los atacantes? ¿Esperan un pago a cambio?
El proceso para recuperar la información es el mismo al que nos tiene acostumbrado este tipo de ataques. Una vez finalizada la infección, el ransomware emite las instrucciones, en donde los atacantes solicitan un pago en bitcoins, en este caso, equivalente a 300 dólares.
Pie de imagen: Aviso de que el equipo ha sido infectado.
¿Por qué se ha vuelto tan común el secuestro de datos?
Dentro de los puntos destacables se encuentran la falta de concientización y educación a nivel seguridad que tienen muchos usuarios y empresas. Una gran parte todavía no conoce el impacto que puede tener en un modelo de negocio un ciberataque hasta que es víctima y se ve obligada a pagar para recuperar su información.
Ante esta cuestión, a pesar de la velocidad con que circulan las noticias sobre ataques informáticos y los problemas que generan, los cibercriminales encuentran una motivación importante para continuar desarrollando nuevas amenazas.
¿El ataque está armado por una persona o un grupo? ¿Se necesitan conocimientos técnicos altos?
Resulta difícil pensar que una sola persona puede estar detrás de este ataque, ya que es una amenaza que incorpora varias técnicas en cuanto a exploits, propagación, y cifrado, así como para evadir medidas de seguridad. Sin embargo, no podemos asegurar cuántas son las personas involucradas en el desarrollo de un ataque de tal magnitud.
¿Se puede dar con los autores del ataque?
No por ahora. A diferencia de una botnet, por ejemplo, no hay un Centro de Comando y Control al que se conecte la amenaza como para rastrearlo y dar con los autores; y de usarlo, seguramente sería un servidor ajeno al cual atacaron para tomar el control y accederían desde TOR, logrando anonimidad. Por otro lado, el pago del rescate se hace en bitcoins y, por las características de esta criptomoneda, se hace prácticamente imposible rastrear su destino final.
Para más información ingrese al portal de noticias de ESET llamado WeLiveSecurity en: https://www.welivesecurity.com/la-es/2017/06/29/todo-sobre-nuevo-ataque-de-ransomware/
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If we can t squeeze into the Phantom Cave, wouldn t it be a waste of time Liang Yuzhu learned that many monks had rushed to the entrance of the Phantom Cave, and she couldn t help but feel anxious.It could neither eat spiritual flowers nor spiritual grass, nor could it hunt any prey.
Young Master Canglang couldn t bear the backlash of the disillusionment of the totem phantom.You will go back to where you came from The female disciple of Youyue Xianmen chirped.
Most of the monks were there. He was on alert, fearing that his ancestor would make a mistake and be attacked by the Giant Claw Clan again.leaving only a few skeleton puppets and lonely ghosts wandering around.
They were the hosts of this gathering, and the guests were distinguished enough that other monks in the sect were not qualified to receive them.After going through these things in Qin Hu s mind, he basically figured out that this should be a trap.
Broken Void Sword Intent extended out, forming a pocket dagger only the size of a finger.They are brothers. It is an extremely close relationship among monks.
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This place is very prosperous and there are many mortals.Magic weapons are more suitable for use by Jindan monks.
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The heat wave was rolling in the sky, blocking his consciousness and vision, making it difficult to see clearly.Then he wiped away Jiang Yuebai s weak spiritual mark and scanned it into the storage bag, and he couldn t help but raise his eyebrows.
Lu Nanzhi is like this. She is a descendant of three generations of low class elders, and she has no way to use the back door.Just as he was about to leave, he suddenly saw light and shadow flashing on the surface of the pond.
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