Futuro laboral, ciencia de datos e inteligencia artificial

Por Fernando Pérez y David Manero | Instructores de Udemy

Con motivo del día del trabajo, no está de más recordar que las actuales y futuras generaciones deberán prepararse para competir por empleos que aún no existen pero que sabemos estarán fuertemente ligados al conocimiento de las llamadas STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics).

Sin embargo, la realidad va por otro lado; según el reporte del Banco Mundial “At a Crossroads: Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean”, 44.7% de las personas que se integran actualmente a la educación superior lo hacen en estudios relacionados con ciencias sociales, leyes y negocios, en contraste con un 5.5% en ciencia.

Para este pequeño porcentaje de estudiantes o para aquellos que quieren explorar otras opciones profesionales, existen dos disciplinas cuyas perspectivas de empleo y crecimiento son atractivas: ciencia de datos y desarrollo de inteligencia artificial. Para ellos, Udemy comparte una guía general de los conocimientos y habilidades que deben aprender.

Ciencia de datos: tu futuro “data driven”

Su objetivo es identificar, procesar y convertir grandes volúmenes de datos en información valiosa para la toma de decisiones en cualquier ámbito del quehacer humano. Para desarrollarla y aplicarla se necesita:

  • Matemáticas, resaltando el dominio de algebra lineal para trabajar matrices, vectores directores, factores, cálculo diferencial, derivadas, etc.
  • Estadística básica para conocer una media, mediana, desviación, máximo-mínimo, teoría de la probabilidad y teorema de valles, entre otros.
  • Arquitectura de big data mediante el uso de software como Hadoop, bases de datos relacionales y no relacionales, empleando programas como Cassandra y Mongodb, y MySQL, PostgreSQL, respectivamente.
  • Lenguajes de programación como R, Python, S, C, SAS.
  • Manejo de bases de datos como SQL y programación en HIVE.
  • Programas de visualización de datos con softwares como Kibana, Tableau, Clip View, o incluso Excel.

Una habilidad fundamental para ser científico de datos, y que es considerada “blanda”, es tener curiosidad para buscar relaciones entre datos que en apariencia no están conectados o tienen lógica entre sí.

Actualmente en nuestro país no existe una licenciatura en Ciencia de Datos, sin embargo, sí existen posgrados, diplomados y cursos para iniciarse en este ámbito. Y en términos de ingreso, según el Observatorio Laboral del gobierno federal, el sueldo promedio va de 40 mil hasta 90 mil pesos mensuales.

Para estudiarla resultará más fácil si cuentas con una ingeniería, o cursaste alguna carrera asociada a matemáticas, estadística o si te desarrollas en un área científica.

Inteligencia artificial, cada vez más importante

La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) permite realizar sistemas capaces de aprender y predecir hechos o acciones a partir de la lectura de datos de otros sistemas o directamente del entorno, procesándolos y guardándolos en forma de conocimiento que posteriormente se usa para tomar decisiones.

La IA está creciendo aceleradamente, para 2017, 61% de las iniciativas empresariales de Estados Unidos habían utilizado Inteligencia Artificial y 71% tenía una estrategia de innovación para acercarse a nuevas tecnologías como esta.

Para desarrollarla y aplicarla es necesario contar con las mismas bases de conocimiento que un científico de datos, además de:

  • Procesamiento de datos. Fundamentos para comprender el ABC en la manera en que se “traduce” información en acciones.
  • Tener un buen dominio del desarrollo de aplicaciones y lenguajes de programación como R, Python, C#, C++, entre otros. A diferencia del software tradicional, centrado en una serie de tareas específicas, el que se utiliza en IA se centra en el aprendizaje constante.
  • Aprendizaje artificial o machine learning basado en big data para crear sistemas de aprendizaje guiado, no guiado y con base en reforzamiento.

Las posibilidades de desarrollo de IA podemos agruparlas en:

  • Específica: enfocada en la lectura de información de un solo tipo y brinda soluciones sobre la base de un propósito puntual
  • General: busca copiar las múltiples formas de pensar y actuar de un ser humano y decide sobre sus patrones de aprendizaje y decisiones; aunque todavía no está del todo desarrollada al ser amplia y compleja, al mismo tiempo que requiere de soluciones tecnológicas más robustas, ya se está trabajando para hacerla una realidad.

Para entrar en el mundo de la IA es recomendable haber estudiado alguna ingeniería en software, o contar con un alto dominio de matemáticas, estadística y programación.

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Luo Qingqing nodded and said, Don t talk nonsense. Okay, I It s your fault.At the same time, he also has to ask whether what he bought is a national treasure or a husky.

What is the reason Try two different elixirs. Generally, elixirs that gather spiritual energy have the effect of aggregating medicinal properties.

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The power of that palm was unimaginably terrifying, and it directly shattered the land.Wouldn t it be a huge profit The base price of this contract is the goods of three thousand spiritual crystals.

Am I not treating you well Why has it never happened The national treasure raised his head and rubbed Su Ye s palm with his head without waiting for Su Ye to touch it.You can only steal it when your parents are not in the nest.

Yu Ziya thought for a while In most cases, it is not easy to sell.As soon as we entered the door, a group of sleepy jailers suddenly opened their eyes and suddenly became energetic.

The Yanling World still has the rule of law, but in the Great Wilderness World it is better to act from the heart. By the way, if it s not elixirs, in terms of spiritual materials, it s easier to sell things from the sea.It is surrounded by a continuous mountainous area with undulating Roots CBD Gummies: A Comprehensive Guide to Organic, Vegan, and Gluten-Free CBD Supplements (eGSpy) hillsides.

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Therefore, in addition to a strange combination of circumstances, Su Ye felt that it was somewhat of a surprise.The Rakshasa girl looked at Su Ye and raised her eyebrows, feeling that Su Ye looked familiar.

But, it s just inside the body. No matter how hard you train your body, the spiritual energy will only remain in your body.The trouble I mentioned was the one responsible for the mining.

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There are many caves in the deep pit, which are intricate and complex like an ant nest.Su Ye nodded and walked into the medicine room. In the hall, he looked at the counter and said, Old sir, do you still recognize me Huh The old man looked up, stunned and said, Brother Su Why are you here in Gabion City too Su Ye was silent for a moment.

Ah At this time, there was a sound. The screams came, making Su Ye and Luo Qingqing stunned at the same time.That bottle of shark tooth powder uses one fifth of a pair of shark teeth.

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