Por Fernando Pérez y David Manero | Instructores de Udemy
Con motivo del día del trabajo, no está de más recordar que las actuales y futuras generaciones deberán prepararse para competir por empleos que aún no existen pero que sabemos estarán fuertemente ligados al conocimiento de las llamadas STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics).
Sin embargo, la realidad va por otro lado; según el reporte del Banco Mundial “At a Crossroads: Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean”, 44.7% de las personas que se integran actualmente a la educación superior lo hacen en estudios relacionados con ciencias sociales, leyes y negocios, en contraste con un 5.5% en ciencia.
Para este pequeño porcentaje de estudiantes o para aquellos que quieren explorar otras opciones profesionales, existen dos disciplinas cuyas perspectivas de empleo y crecimiento son atractivas: ciencia de datos y desarrollo de inteligencia artificial. Para ellos, Udemy comparte una guía general de los conocimientos y habilidades que deben aprender.
Ciencia de datos: tu futuro “data driven”
Su objetivo es identificar, procesar y convertir grandes volúmenes de datos en información valiosa para la toma de decisiones en cualquier ámbito del quehacer humano. Para desarrollarla y aplicarla se necesita:
Matemáticas, resaltando el dominio de algebra lineal para trabajar matrices, vectores directores, factores, cálculo diferencial, derivadas, etc.
Estadística básica para conocer una media, mediana, desviación, máximo-mínimo, teoría de la probabilidad y teorema de valles, entre otros.
Arquitectura de big data mediante el uso de software como Hadoop, bases de datos relacionales y no relacionales, empleando programas como Cassandra y Mongodb, y MySQL, PostgreSQL, respectivamente.
Lenguajes de programación como R, Python, S, C, SAS.
Manejo de bases de datos como SQL y programación en HIVE.
Programas de visualización de datos con softwares como Kibana, Tableau, Clip View, o incluso Excel.
Una habilidad fundamental para ser científico de datos, y que es considerada “blanda”, es tener curiosidad para buscar relaciones entre datos que en apariencia no están conectados o tienen lógica entre sí.
Actualmente en nuestro país no existe una licenciatura en Ciencia de Datos, sin embargo, sí existen posgrados, diplomados y cursos para iniciarse en este ámbito. Y en términos de ingreso, según el Observatorio Laboral del gobierno federal, el sueldo promedio va de 40 mil hasta 90 mil pesos mensuales.
Para estudiarla resultará más fácil si cuentas con una ingeniería, o cursaste alguna carrera asociada a matemáticas, estadística o si te desarrollas en un área científica.
Inteligencia artificial, cada vez más importante
La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) permite realizar sistemas capaces de aprender y predecir hechos o acciones a partir de la lectura de datos de otros sistemas o directamente del entorno, procesándolos y guardándolos en forma de conocimiento que posteriormente se usa para tomar decisiones.
La IA está creciendo aceleradamente, para 2017, 61% de las iniciativas empresariales de Estados Unidos habían utilizado Inteligencia Artificial y 71% tenía una estrategia de innovación para acercarse a nuevas tecnologías como esta.
Para desarrollarla y aplicarla es necesario contar con las mismas bases de conocimiento que un científico de datos, además de:
Procesamiento de datos. Fundamentos para comprender el ABC en la manera en que se “traduce” información en acciones.
Tener un buen dominio del desarrollo de aplicaciones y lenguajes de programación como R, Python, C#, C++, entre otros. A diferencia del software tradicional, centrado en una serie de tareas específicas, el que se utiliza en IA se centra en el aprendizaje constante.
Aprendizaje artificial o machine learning basado en big data para crear sistemas de aprendizaje guiado, no guiado y con base en reforzamiento.
Las posibilidades de desarrollo de IA podemos agruparlas en:
Específica: enfocada en la lectura de información de un solo tipo y brinda soluciones sobre la base de un propósito puntual
General: busca copiar las múltiples formas de pensar y actuar de un ser humano y decide sobre sus patrones de aprendizaje y decisiones; aunque todavía no está del todo desarrollada al ser amplia y compleja, al mismo tiempo que requiere de soluciones tecnológicas más robustas, ya se está trabajando para hacerla una realidad.
Para entrar en el mundo de la IA es recomendable haber estudiado alguna ingeniería en software, o contar con un alto dominio de matemáticas, estadística y programación.
Si se garantizara la seguridad de los ciclistas y se construyeran nuevas vías especiales para ellos, 71% de los entrevistados reconocieron que utilizarían la bicicleta como medio de transporte.
La necesidad de proteger la información es cada vez más importante, por ello es siempre necesario hacer una reflexión para tomar conciencia de los posibles riesgos a los que nos enfrentaremos.
La CRE y la Coordinación General de Puertos y Marina Mercante designarán grupos de trabajo como responsables de la planeación, determinación, desarrollo y seguimiento de las acciones y compromisos que deriven del convenio.
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The toothpaste of the previous life is far inferior to the tooth powder of this era.There are also two beautiful women in the hall, one of them is kneeling, crying with pear blossoms and rain, heartbroken.
Because human inspiration is limited, it takes too long to write on a certain subject.If you don t come again in the future, the old man will be very grateful.
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As long as I m big enough, is there anything I can t do in the world Xu Qi an was shocked again.In the past 22 years, peaches and plums were all over the world, and he became a famous Confucianist all over the world.
At this moment, Xu Qi an s heart was full of pride, and he burst out with the courage to face thousands of troops alone.It s a nice little courtyard.After working for three years, a flat in the capital is really an irresistible temptation.
The sixteen year old girl sat up, her disheveled hair set off a fair oval face, her small mouth was thin and rosy, her eyes were big and energetic, her nose was not as small as ordinary women, but straight.Princess Lin an heard it, but she ignored it, and instead walked faster, her waist twisted and twisted, and her skirt fluttered.
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This phenomenon has always existed, but few people will notice it.There were no assassins.As the turmoil subsided, everything was stable, and there were no casualties or suspicious persons.
Immediately afterwards, there was a knife mark on his chest, and blood gushed out, splashing on Xu Qi an s face and body.You said I don t want to go.The boss said No, you want to.
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The key is that the Third Master, who is like a person with thousands of faces, absolutely does not mind the life and death of Yu Zhenyi.Hongxia discussed matters in the previous ancestral hall and took the initiative to transfer the water palace to you.
The founder of the immortal family on the mountain is called Qingzhi Sect. He is an old immortal master of Guanhai Realm. It is said that there is also a chief worshiper of Longmen Realm.There are already some clues about how this ferry operates. Originally, Chen Ping an had actually been covered up by the chaos in Entry City, which had covered up some of his previous assumptions.
But as long as you are willing to take it away, what does it mean The wine glass is not a gift for the study.Chen Pingan suddenly remembered something. The embroidered tiger next to him seemed to have a much better brain than his own at his age.
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Because she heard that a person who commits suicide cannot be reincarnated immediately after death, but will go to purgatory to suffer all kinds of torments to show respect for life, unless someone recites twenty years of reincarnation scriptures for him to pass through purgatory before he can be reincarnated again.
Chu Han s heart was hot, so there was nothing else to say, and he hugged her to enter the topic.Why is the queen mother here When Su Yurou saw Empress Li, her heart sank.
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What qualifications did she have to bear children for the royal family, and she simply polluted the blood of the royal family Of course, Duke Rong would not be so stupid as to have to kill Su Shi in front of Chu Kuan.She pointed at her husband and said, You are so naive.
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He did everything tightly, who leaked the news Li Hou s face sank, She really didn t die, and she was hidden in the palace by you, Prince, are you confused Queen Mother, she has done my son a great favor, and I must repay her kindness.You bastard, this is going to hurt the whole family.
The Zhou family is the number one consortium in City A.Kang talking and laughing with her daughter in law, she walked in with a smile and asked, Madam and boss What is the daughter in law saying so happy Seeing Mrs.
Occasionally, when he thought of his little sister, he could only send her some money back, hoping to help her.He stands on this tree and looks at the height of the tree.
The war has been going on for decades without stopping, and the people of the world have suffered a lot, and their lives are in dire straits.After finishing speaking, she walked forward and bowed to Yue Qingfeng, saying The person who poisoned me was not my adopted son Chu Han, but my own son.
In terms of sword cultivation, Tongyezhou is only slightly better than Aquarius Continent, and almost the same as Aai Aizhou.He also had a headache. He thought he was traveling alone in Tongye Continent, but he never imagined that it would be such a noisy scene.
This is the sequelae of the Great Wall of Hedao Sword Qi. In the wild world, it would be overwhelmed, and it would be the same in the vast world.Chen Pingan will feel that under the general trend, the departure of countless weak people is still wrong and still not possible.
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When he left the battlefield, his natal flying sword was gone, and his face was ruined by the sword energy.but his sight shifted for more than thirty miles, I m staying here to give you a chance to send a message with flying swords and move reinforcements.
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Cleaning up the vast old mountains and rivers in the south of Tongyezhou, and the Daying Dynasty must be the top priority.Qi Jingchun flashed and sat on the railing next to Cui Dongshan, turning to look at this young man in white who was actually no stranger to him.
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The robe, fairy tapestry and spring water cloud pattern, is very famous on Tongyezhou Mountain. This piece was taken out from Zhou Fei s hand, so it should have a magic weapon rank.then as long as I am driven to the rebuilt Dafu Academy, it is really hard to say who will be the prisoner today.
These taboos are actually clearly written on the authentic alchemy book. Li Xisheng also specially commented four words next to the cow and horse talisman Use this talisman with caution.
Por Fernando Pérez y David Manero | Instructores de Udemy