El «efecto látigo» un fenómeno en el que los picos de demanda se amplifican en la parte superior de la cadena de suministro, desde los consumidores hasta los minoristas, los distribuidores y los productores.
El efecto látigo, que amplifica la demanda en la cadena de suministro, ha llevado a ineficiencias, costos adicionales y mal servicio al cliente. La pregunta es, ¿por qué un fenómeno ampliamente reconocido sigue siendo un problema en las cadenas de suministro a nivel mundial?
Un Problema con historia
El efecto látigo no es un recién llegado a la escena. Investigadores y profesionales lo han estudiado desde la década de 1960. Según nuestras investigaciones, la variabilidad de la demanda es un 90% mayor para el proveedor que para el comprador en promedio, y la magnitud del efecto aumenta a medida que avanzamos hacia arriba en la cadena de suministro.
A lo largo de los años, las cadenas de suministro se han vuelto más largas y delgadas, lo que ha aumentado su vulnerabilidad a interrupciones. La falta de coordinación, información y transparencia ha exacerbado el efecto látigo, que se vio agravado por la pandemia.
Soluciones Tradicionales Ineficaces
A lo largo de las décadas, las empresas han implementado estrategias para mitigar el efecto látigo. Esto incluye inversiones en tecnología para mejorar la colaboración y la transparencia. Sin embargo, incluso antes de la pandemia, quedó claro que estas medidas solo lograron reducir parcialmente el efecto látigo. Las investigaciones no mostraron una disminución significativa en la magnitud del problema a lo largo del tiempo.
Enfoques Innovadores para Abordar el Efecto Látigo
Algunas empresas han logrado gestionar eficazmente el efecto látigo. Estos casos de éxito destacan la importancia de la gestión de la cadena de suministro en la alta dirección y la capacidad de reducir la complejidad y la variedad de productos durante una interrupción.
La fabricación de respuesta rápida ha permitido a las empresas acortar los plazos de entrega y, por lo tanto, gestionar mejor las cadenas de suministro durante interrupciones. Además, simplificar la cartera de productos puede facilitar la planificación y previsión de la demanda.
Incentivos y Coordinación en Toda la Cadena de Suministro
El comportamiento de los clientes también desempeña un papel importante en el efecto látigo. El llamado «juego de la escasez», donde los clientes realizan múltiples pedidos del mismo producto, puede distorsionar la demanda. Alinear los incentivos en toda la cadena de suministro y utilizar análisis para rechazar pedidos excesivos son estrategias eficaces para combatir este problema.
Intervención Gubernamental
La intervención gubernamental también puede ser una solución. Algunos países han impuesto límites a la cantidad de ciertos productos que los consumidores pueden comprar en un período determinado para evitar el acaparamiento.
El arco eléctrico es uno de los fenómenos más peligrosos que pueden presentarse en los sistemas eléctricos de potencia. Los daños producidos pueden ser muy graves y dado que éste surge en cuestión de segundos, para un operador es prácticamente imposible ponerse a salvo al originarse.
El Internet Industrial de las Cosas (IIOT) ha irrumpido como una fuerza transformadora. El gasto global en plataformas IIOT se ha disparado, pasando de 1.700
El gerente de Proyecto tiene que encontrar el balance ideal entre las acciones que sus clientes realizarán para mejorar el medio ambiente y los beneficios tangibles que obtendrá por las inversiones que realice al respecto.
Los trenes de hidrógeno no solo están revolucionando el transporte ferroviario con su tecnología limpia y eficiente, sino que también están marcando el comienzo de una nueva era en la movilidad sostenible. A medida que más proyectos se desarrollan y la tecnología continúa avanzando, es probable que pronto experimentemos el impacto transformador de estos vehículos en nuestras redes ferroviarias.
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